GI Microflora In Health And Disease (Putin) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary abnormality in IBD?

A

Increased permeability of the epithelia of the gut

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2
Q

Where does IBD usually develop?

A

In areas of HIGH BACTERIAL concentration such as TERMINAL ILEUM and COLON

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3
Q

Commensalism microflora suppress the ___ pathway

A

NF-kB

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4
Q

Epithelial ags and altered aerobic bacteria trigger ___

Anaerobic bacteria trigger

A

UC

CD

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5
Q

Microbe-modified dietary components can stimulate ___ production regulating metabolic activity in the lamina propria

A

IL-10

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6
Q

MAMPs/PAMPs signaling via __ can modify local mucosal immunity

A

TLRs

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7
Q

Commensalism microflora controls inflammation via inhibition of __

A

NF-kB

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8
Q

Salmonella enteritidis binds to this TLR

A

TLR5

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9
Q

If you add bacteroides thetaiotaomicron with salmonella enteridis, what transcription factor is activated to resist activation of inflamm responses?

A

PPARy

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10
Q

In the absence of commensalism Bacteroides, salmonella flagellum binds to __ intestinal epithelial cells, activates __ kinase and get nuclear translocation of __ that mediates proinflammation

A

TLR5

IkB (IKK)

NF-kB

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11
Q

WHat Abs are found in UC? What about Crohns?

A

UC–> pANCA positive

CD –> ASCA positive

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12
Q

Crohns disease is characterized as a _ disease driven by the production of TNF/IFN-y and IL-17

A

Th1 and Th17

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13
Q

What are the cytokines produced by Th1? Th17?

A

Th1–>TNF/IFN-y

Th17–> IL-17

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14
Q

UC is often viewed as a __ disease because of increased mucosal expression of IL-5 and IL-13 produced by NKT cells

A

Th2

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15
Q

What cytokine converts activated T cells to Th1 cells?

A

IL-12

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16
Q

What cytokine converts an activated T cell to Th2 cell?

A

IL-4

17
Q

What cytokine converts an activated T cell to Th17 cell?

A

IL-6 and IL-23

18
Q

This cytokine is produced by APCs, regulates activity of macrophages and DCs, mice that are deficient of this cytokine do NOT have DTH, is closely related to IL-12 and regulates Th1 cell responses, and stimulates T cells to produce IL-17 but not IFN-y or IL-4

A

IL-23

19
Q

CD80/86 is found on a __

CD20 is found on a __

CD3 is found on a ___

CTLA4/CD28 is found on a ___

A

DC

B cell

Th cell

Th cell

20
Q

CD25 is a __ receptor

A

IL2

21
Q

What cytokine activates NKT cells?

A

IL13

22
Q

Treg cells produce this cytokine:

A

IL10 (anti-inflamm)

23
Q

Stromal cells release this cytokine for activation of B cells:

A

IL-11

24
Q

What cytokines are associated with the Th1 and Th17 response in Crohns disease?

A

IL-12 for Th1 which secretes IFN-y

IL-23 for Th17 which secretes IL-17

Macrophages also activated by IL-23 and can secrete TNF

25
Q

Limited expression of pro-inflamm cytokines by APCs and an excess of ___ result in differentiation of naive T cells into Treg cells which suppress Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses

A

TGF-b

26
Q

Which cytokines are upregulated by Tregs? Downregulated?

A

Upregulated=IL-10, TGF-b

Downregulated=IL-12, CD80/86, CD40

27
Q

THe IBD-1 gene is a susceptibility locus found on chromosome __. Its locus contains __ genes and an individual homozygous for the susceptible variant have more than 20-fold increased risk of developing CD

A

Chr 16

CARD15/NOD2

28
Q

CARD15 is what type of receptors?

CARD15/NOD2 recognizes molecules containing the specific structure called ___

A

IC pathogen recognition receptor (PPR)

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) –> triggers activation of NF-kB

29
Q

CARD15/NOD is primarily expressed in ___

A

Monocytes/macrophages