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Amy's Nursing 55 > GI: Medications > Flashcards

GI: Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide with Aluminum Hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)

A

Antacid; deactivates pepsin, which increases gastric pH; give 2 hours after meals and at bedtime; do not give within 1-2 hours of other medications

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2
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide (Amphojel)

A

Antacid; deactivates pepsin, which increases gastric pH; give 1 hour after meals and at bedtime; do not give within 1-2 hours of other medications

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3
Q

What’s the difference between antacids that contain aluminum versus ones that contain magnesium?

A

Aluminum causes constipation, magnesium causes diarrhea; Magnesium contraindicated in renal and cardiac failure

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4
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A

H2 antagonist; blocks histamine receptors in parietal cells, which decreases gastric acid secretion

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5
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

H2 antagonist; blocks histamine receptors in parietal cells, which decreases gastric acid secretion

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6
Q

Nizatadine (Axid)

A

H2 antagonist; blocks histamine receptors in parietal cells, which decreases gastric acid secretion

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7
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

PPI; suppresses gastric acid secretion

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8
Q

Pantoprazole (Protonix)

A

PPI; suppresses gastric acid secretion; IV form is not compatible with most other drugs; SR, used for duodenal ulcers

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9
Q

Rabeprazole (Aciphex)

A

PPI; suppresses gastric acid secretion; SR, used for duodenal ulcers

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10
Q

Esomeprazole (Nexium)

A

PPI; suppresses gastric acid secretion; give 1 hour before meals

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11
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

Prostaglandin analog; decreases gastric acid secretion, increases resistance to mucosal injury from NSAIDs; not to be used with magnesium containing antacids (both cause diarrhea)

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12
Q

What’s the drug class of choice for treating patients with acid-related disorders?

A

PPIs

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13
Q

Why should PPIs not be used for a prolonged period of time?

A

They may contribute to osteoporotic-related fractures

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14
Q

Sucralfate (Carafate)

A

Mucosal barrier fortifier; forms protective coat to prevent further digestive action of pepsin, gastric acid

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15
Q

Psyllium Hydrophilic Mucilloid (Metamucil)

A

Bulk-forming laxative; take at mealtime with glass of water

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16
Q

Loperamide (Imodium)

A

Antidiarrheal

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17
Q

Clarifenacin (Enablex)

A

Muscarinic-receptor antagonist; inhibits intestinal motility

18
Q

Festoterodine (Toviaz)

A

Muscarinic-receptor antagonist; inhibits intestinal motility

19
Q

5-fluorouracil (5-FU)

A

Chemotherapy; used for colorectal cancer

20
Q

Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride with Atropine Sulfate (Lomotil)

A

Antidiarrheal; reduces GI motility; not for elderly, may contribute to falls; not for gastroenteritis, must get virus or bacteria out of GI system

21
Q

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (Bentyl)

A

Anticholinergic; inhibits gastric motility

22
Q

Sulfasalazine (Azulfadine)

A

Aminosalicylate (5-ASA); inhibits prostaglandins to reduce inflammation; contraindicated with sulfonamide allergies and thiazide diuretics; may cause hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis

23
Q

Mesalamine (Asacol, Pentasa, Rowasa)

A

Aminosalicylate (5-ASA); inhibits prostaglandins to reduce inflammation

24
Q

Olsalazine (Dipentum)

A

Aminosalicylate (5-ASA); inhibits prostaglandins to reduce inflammation

25
Q

Balsalazide (Colazal)

A

Aminosalicylate (5-ASA); inhibits prostaglandins to reduce inflammation

26
Q

Prednisone (Deltasone)

A

Glucocorticoid; can cause hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, peptic ulcer disease, increased risk for infection

27
Q

Infliximab (Remicade)

A

Immunomodulator; reduces activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to decrease inflammation; used in combination with glucocorticoids for treatment of UC or Crohn’s; avoid crowds, anyone with infection; parenteral only

28
Q

Adalimumab (Humira)

A

Immunomodulator; reduces activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to decrease inflammation; used in combination with glucocorticoids for treatment of UC or Crohn’s; avoid crowds, anyone with infection; provide teaching for subcutaneous injection

29
Q

Natalizumab (Tysabri)

A

Immunomodulator; reduces activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to decrease inflammation; for use in Crohn’s; avoid crowds, anyone with infection; parenteral only; report cognitive/motor/sensory changes immediately

30
Q

Certolizumab Pegol (Cimzia)

A

Immunomodulator; reduces activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to decrease inflammation; for use in Crohn’s; avoid crowds, anyone with infection; parenteral only

31
Q

What types of medications are avoided for a patient with diverticulitis?

A

Laxatives & enemas because they increase intestinal motility, causing increased inflammation

32
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Loop diuretic; causes potassium loss

33
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic

34
Q

Propranolol (Inderal)

A

Beta-blocker; decreases HR and hepatic venous pressure gradient to decrease GI bleed

35
Q

Octreotide (Sandostatin)

A

Synthetic somatostatin; reduces portal pressure to decrease GI bleed

36
Q

Terlipressin

A

Vasopressin; reduces portal pressure to decrease GI bleed

37
Q

Lactulose (Evalose, Heptalac)

A

Laxative; promotes excretion of ammonia in stool

38
Q

Pancrelipase (Creon)

A

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT); do not crush or chew; if capsules must be opened for difficulty swallowing, mix in applesauce; do not mix with high protein food because enzymes will dissolve

39
Q

Orlistat (Xenical)

A

Anorectic; suppresses appetite, inhibits lipase for partial digestion of triglycerides (decreased calories); causes GI symptoms unless fat is reduced below 30% of daily food intake

40
Q

Phentermine (Adipex-P)

A

Sympathomimetic; suppresses appetite in hypothalamus

Amy's Nursing 55 (9 decks)

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