GI Med Emergencies Flashcards
Visceral Pain
hollow organs, difficult to localize described as burning, cramping, gnawing, or aching. usually felt superficial.
parietal pain/rebound pain
peritoneum-steady, achy pain. easier to localize than visceral pian. pain increases with movement.
somatic pain
peripheral nerve tracts-localized pian, usually felt deeply.
referred pain
peripheral nerve tracts-pain originating in the abdomen and causing the perception of the pain in distant locations. attributable to similar paths for the peripheral nerves of the abdomen and those in the distant location.
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder Pain. Right upper Quadrant pain. Nausea v omitting, low grade fever. tachycardia -pain response and infection Process
upper GI bleeds
causes melena-(dark, tarry stool). Coffee ground vomit [Bright red blood.
Lower GI bleeds
causes hematochezia (bright red blood in the stool)
How do you treat a GI bleed
Fluid resuscitation.
Esophagogastric Varices
caused by pressure increases in the blood vessels that surround the esophagus and stomach.
S&S of Esophageal Varices
fatigue, weight loss, jaundice, anorexia, an edematous abdomen, pruritus, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting of bright red blood.
hematemesis
vomit with blood
someone complaining of bloody stool.
alterive colitis
how should pts with esophageal varices be transported?
in a position of comfort.
what is a bowl obstruction?
a blockage of stool. Pain described as intermittent and crampy. Constipation. nausea and vomiting, decreased stool production. Decreased stool production, distended abdomen.
Diverticulitis
weak area in the colon Consist of two Cronic intestinal disorders alterative colitis: Abdominal pain. Chronic Pain, Chronic diarrhea, anorexia, fevers, bleeding With defecation.
Pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas.
pancreatitis S&S
localized pain, sharp pain, retroperitoneal, nausea, vomiting, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, and muscle spasms. ridged abdomen and laying still. (moving will cause pain)
where does a bowl perforation go?
peritoneum
IBS
irritable bowl syndrome-constant need to go to the bathroom for unexplained reasons.
IBS S&S
Possible constipation, diarrhea, anxiety.
Cholecystitis
Gall bladder attack
Cholecystitis S&S
Kheer’s signs-referred pain, pain after eating, systemic response, RUQ pain.
How do you treat a pt with signs and symptoms of dehydration?
A fluid bolus is given over an antiemetic.
What pts have hypoglycemia?
type one diabetics who are insulin dependent.
How do you treat a insulin dependent diabetic?
if they can eat make them eat. If they aren’t alert give D10 or D50, if you can’t get and IV give IM.
Hyperglycemia
most likely going to be the first sign that they undiagnosed diabetes.
what are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Polyuria, Poly dyspnea, and polyphagia, excessive weight gain.
Who is more vulnerable to get HONK?
elderly type 2 diabetics.
What is HONK?
Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma.
what are the side effects of hyperglycemia?
vision impairment, peripheral neuropathy, sharp pain described as pins and needles, difficulty walking and coordination.
If someone is in DKA, are they in respiratory acidosis or metabolic acidosis?
Metabolic
what disease has too little cortisol?
Addison’s disease. They will be taking cortisol meds, like hydrocortisone.
what disease has too much cortisol?
too much cortisol. This pt will present big with muscle weakness, big face, poor wound healing, metabolism will slow down. The pt will bruise easily and have a high BP and HR.
what is hyperthyroidism?
too much of the thyroid hormone circulating, everything gets amped up. HR, BP, RR, and BT will rise until the body can no longer withstand it.
what is hypothyroidism?
too little of the thyroid hormone being produced. myxedema everything goes down. high mortality rate usually end stage. low BP, HR, RR, BGL.
what is a common complication of a blood transfusion?
allergic reaction, stop transfusion. Transfusions should be done with normal saline.
grave’s disease
prone to thyroid storm
multiple sclerosis
a disease that causes demyelization of the nerve cells and nerve fibers from the brain and spinal cord. This results in weakness of one or more limbs, sensory loss, parathesis, and changes in vision.
tuberculosis
night sweats, hemoptysis, chills fever, fatigue, productive or nonproductive cough, and weight loss.
what should you do for suspected Tuberculosis?
immediately don a N95 respirator and place a mask over the pt as well for further protection.
Renal Calculi
pt will have dark urine and severe pain until the stone reaches the bladder.
Liver Failure
pt will have ascites in the pt. shortness of breath.
Hepatitis
RUQ pian, malnourished with a general malaise.
Delirium tremens
sweating, trembling, anxiety, and hallucinations
bells palsy
Facial weakness, slurred speech that started the day before, lost sense of taste.
why do patients with hyperglycemia have kussmal respirations?
excessive ketones
Sickle cell Anemia
Joint pain, abdominal pain caused by vascular occlusion these Pts need a blood transfusions.
what do we suspect when pts miss Dialysis?
hyperkalemia
Hepatitis A
transmitted by fecal oral
Hepatitis B
Blood borne/sexual transmission
Hepatitis C
shared needles among lV drug users
Hepatitis D
Deta virus
Hepatitis E
transmitted by fecal oral
Tuberculosis
spread by respiratory droplets, inhaled, typical, atypical, extrapulmonary, malnourished, cough with blood.
Meningitis
Direct contact with infected nasopharyngeal Secretions. fever, headache, stiff neck, Kernig sign. fever, headache, stiff neck, Kernig sign.
Pneumonia
infection of the alveoli, high fever, chest pain, productive Cough, respiratory distress.
sepsis
When antibodies do not recognize a pathogen and fight. Low BP, Low RR, high HR, High BT.
Cranial nerve I
Olfactory-smell
Cranial nerve two
optic-vision
Cranial nerve 3
Oculomotor-eyelid & eyeball movement
Cranial nerve lv
Trochlear- innervates superior Oblique turns eye downward and laterally
Cranial nerve v
Trigeminal-chewing Face and mouth touch and pain
Cranial nerve V1
Abducens turns eyes laterally
Cranial nerve V11
facial -controls most facial expression Secretion of tears and Saliva taste.
Cranial nerve lx
Glossopharyngeal - taste, senses Carotid Bp
Cranial nerve X
Vagas-senses aortic blood pressure slows heartrate stimulates digestive organs taste
Cranial nerve xl
Spinal accessory-controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid controls swallowing movements
Cranial nerve xii
Hypoglossal-controls tongue movements
