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Pharm GI/Endocrine Test > GI / Insulin > Flashcards

GI / Insulin Flashcards

1
Q

PPI or Proton Pump Inhibitor

A

Omeprazole/Prilosec

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2
Q

Prilosec/Omeprazole Use

A

Peptic Ulcers, GERD, Erosive Esophagitis, Chronic Hypersecretory conditions

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3
Q

Prilosec/Omeprazole Pharmocodynamics

A

Antiesecretory (inhibits acid secretion), Elevates pH

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4
Q

H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

Ranitidine or Zantac

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5
Q

Ranitidine/Zantac Pharmocodynamics

A

Antisecretory

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6
Q

Ranitidine/Zantac Use

A

GERD, Duodenal Ulcer, Gastric Ulcer, Pathologic hypersecretory conditions, Prevention of upper GI bleeding
Heartburn/acid indigestion (OTC strength only)

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7
Q

Ranitidine/Zantac Serious Adverse Effects

A

Neutropenia, Agranulocytosis, Thrombocytopenia, Autoimmune hemolytic or aplastic anemia

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8
Q

Prilosec/Omeprazole Nursing Interventions

A

Interacts with other drugs metabolized by CYP450 system. Administer for recommended time, Take before meals, DO NOT CRUSH or CHEW

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9
Q

Ranitidine/Zantac Nursing Interventions

A

Give atleast 2 hours apart from antacids, Do not substitute OTC drugs for prescription forms, Avoid Alcohol, caffeine, spicy food, products containing Ibuprofen or Aspirin and SMOKING. Smoking reverses drug action

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10
Q

Antacid

A

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta)

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11
Q

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta) Pharmacodynamics

A

Raises Gastric pH, minimal absorption from GI tract

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12
Q

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta) USE

A

GERD, peptic ulcers, prevents stress ulcer bleeding

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13
Q

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta) Contraindications

A

Chronic Renal Failure due to magnesium toxicity

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14
Q

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta) COMMON ADVERSE EFFECTS/SERIOUS ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

Diarrhea: MG
Constipation: Aluminum
Potential electrolyte imbalance

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15
Q

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta) NURSING INTERVENTIONS

A

Interacts with many drugs due to increased pH and urine pH. Antacid will bind to it and make it not effective.

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16
Q

GI Stimulants

A

Metoclopramide/Reglan

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17
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan PHARMACODYNAMICS

A

Increases peristalsis and gastric emptying

Antiemetic effect

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18
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan USE

A

GI stimulant
Diabetic gastric stasis
GERD
Antiemetic: Post surgery and Chemo

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19
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan Contraindications

A

When stimulation may be dangerous. If there is an obsturction it could get bigger

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20
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan Adverse Effects

A

CNS complaints. SERIOUS: Tardive Dyskinesia, Depression

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21
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan INTERVENTIONS

A

Give 30 minutes before meals or Chemo

Monitor for depression, Parkinson-like symptoms, extrapyramidal effects, tardive dyskinesia

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22
Q

Antiemetic

A

Ondansetron/Zofran

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23
Q

Ondansetron/Zofran USE

A

Prevents N/V, 75% protein bound, metabolized by CYP450 system

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24
Q

Ondansetron/Zofran Adverse Effects

A

Headache, Constipation, Malaise

SERIOUS: Arrhythmias, Hyptotension, Extrapyramidal effects

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25
Antiflatulents
Simethicone/Mylicon
26
Simethicone/Mylicon
Use: Pain from excess gass in GI tract Not absorbed by GI tract, no systemic distribution. Take PC and HS "Gas bubbles UNITE" and make one big bubble to get it out easier
27
Antidiarrheals
Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil
28
Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil Pharmacodynamics
Slows intestinal motility, Fluid reabsorption
29
Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil USE
Diarrhea
30
Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil CONTRAINDICATIONS
Diarrhea associated with organisms that penetrate intestinal mucosa (Don't want E-coli/Salmonella to stay in)
31
Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil ADVERSE EFFECTS
``` Drowsiness, Dizziness, Dry Mouth SERIOUS: Atropine Overdose (Red, Dry, Mad, Blind) Toxic Megacolon (perforation of bowel) ```
32
Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil INTERVENTIONS
Decrease Dose as diarrhea decreases Do not exceed prescribed dose (max 10 days) Monitor for s/s atropine overdose and toxic megacolon increase fluids
33
Saline Laxative
Magnesium Hydroxide/Milk of Magnesia
34
Hyperosmotic Laxative
Similar to Saline. Draws water into bowel, Increase stretch of bowel and increase peristalsis
35
Magnesium Hydroxide/Milk of Magnesia Pharmocodynamics
Attracts and Retains water in intestinal lumen
36
Magnesium Hydroxide/Milk of Magnesia USE
Short term for Constipation
37
Magnesium Hydroxide/Milk of Magnesia Contraindications/ Side Effects
Renal Failure Common Adverse Effect: Overactive GI activity Serious: Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
38
Magnesium Hydroxide/Milk of Magnesia Interventions
Drink glass of water after administration Not for long term use Increase fiber, water and activity
39
Stimulant
Senna, Dulcolax | Similar to saline, Stimulates Peristalsis
40
Bulk Forming
Metamucil/Fibercon Keeps water in stool, Increase bulk distends colon, stimulates evacuation SAFEST Most NATURAL laxative
41
Stool Softener
Colace
42
Stool Softener
Surfactants (reduces surface tension of stool, allowing water to enter) Prevents Constipations
43
Stool Softener What does it do/not do?
PREVENTS constipation. Does NOT treat it. Does not stimulate peristalsis
44
Lubricant Laxative
Mineral Oil
45
Lubricant Laxative What does it do/not do?
Coats wall of intestine, allows easier passage of stool. Not a stimulant. Chronic use may decrease absorption of fat soluble vitamins
46
Rapid Acting Insulin
LAG (Lispro/Humalog, Aspart/Novolog, Glulisine/Apidra)
47
Lispro/Humalog Onset/Peak/Duration
RAPID ACTING Onset: 15 min Peak 30-90 min Duration: 3-4 hr
48
Aspart/Novolog Onset/Peak/Duration
RAPID ACTING Onset: 5-10 min Peak 45-90 min Duration: 3-5 hr
49
Glulisine/Apidra Onset/Peak/Duration
``` RAPID ACTING Onset: Less than 20 min Peak 90 min Duration: 5.25 hr CAN BE GIVEN IV ```
50
Short Acting (Clear)
CAN BE GIVEN IV on a correctional or sliding scale | REGULAR(Humulin R or Novolin R)
51
REGULAR(Humulin R or Novolin R
SHORT ACTING Onset: 30-60 Min Peak 2-3 hr Duration: 8-12 hr
52
Intermediate Acting (CLOUDY)
NPH (Humulin N)
53
NPH (Humulin N)
INTERMEDIATE ACTING Onset: 60-90 Min (CLOUDY) Peak 4-12 hr Duration: 18-24 hr
54
Long Acting (Clear)
Can NOT be mixed with other insulins and should not be given at the same site as other insulins Detemir/Levemir Glargine/Lantus
55
Detemir/Levemir
Long Acting (Clear) Onset: Unknown Peak 3-14 hr Duration: 5-23 hr
56
Glargine/Lantus
Long Acting (Clear) Onset: 1 hr Peak unknown Duration: 24 hr
57
Premixed Insulins
70/30 NPH/Regular 50/50 lispro protamine/lispro mixed 70/30 aspart protamine/aspart mixed ALWAYS LISTS LONGER ACTING COMPONENT FIRST
58
70/30 NPH/Regular
Onset: 30-60 min Peak 2-12 hr Duration: 24 hr
59
50/50 lispro protamine/lispro mixed
Onset: 15 min Peak 45 min -1 hr Duration: 10-12 hr
60
70/30 aspart protamine/aspart mixed
Onset: less than 10 min Peak 1-4 hr Duration: Up to 24 hr

Pharm GI/Endocrine Test (1 decks)

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