GI, ID, GU Flashcards
How to Dx Malrotation w/volvulus?
Classic sign?
upper GI series
Corkscrew appearance
How to Dx Intussusception?
How to treat?
US - target sign
Air or Contrast enema, but must have surgery on backup in case of perforation
What can be used to differentiate fetal from swallowed maternal blood In young breast-fed neonates?
Apt test
What med can be used for severe pain in HSP if the patient has GI bleeding, severe arthralgia or hematuria?
Prednisone 1 mg/kg/day max 60mg
Which objects in the stomach are less likely to pass the pylorus spontaneously?
How to manage if in the esophagus and not stomach?
MC way to remove?
Sharp or Longer than 5cm
Wider than 2cm
Removed urgently w/in 24 hours
Flexible endoscopy
Peak incidence of appendicitis?
Uncommon in what age?
9-12
Under 5
ABx for acute appy?
Cefoxitin 40 mg/kg max of 2g
Ceftriaxone + Metro 50 mg/kg max 1g + 10 mg/kg max 500mg
Cefotetan 40 mg/kg max 2g
Zosyn 25 mg/kg
Acute acalculous cholecystitis has been associated with what infectious entities?
RMSF
Salmonella and Shigella
Describe osmotic diarrhea
pH under 6
Stops w/fasting
Ex. Viral AGE
Describe secretory diarrhea
pH over 6
Ex. Vibrio cholera, salmonella, shigella, e.coli, c.diff
What constitutes a + fecal leukocyte test?
What organisms is it found in?
> 5 leukocytes/HPV
Campylobacter, Yersenia, Invasive E.coli, Vibrio parahemolyticus
What are the 3 most useful clinical signs in determining dehydration > 5%?
Prolonged capillary refill
Abnormal skin turgor
Abnormal respiratory pattern
How much Dextrose for neonates?
1m - 8 y/o (or max 25kg)?
10% dextrose at 5 mL/kg
25% dextrose at 2 mL/kg
How much dextrose for kids > 2 y/o?
50% of 1 mL/kg
How much should oral rehydration be in moderate dehydration?
How fast should fluid loss be replaced?
60-80 mL/kg
25% volume should be replaced every hour so that 100% is replaced in 4 hours
What are the 2 types of priapism?
Low flow (anoxic/veno-occlusive) 2/2 dec venous outflow —> PAINFUL
High flow (arterial), assoc w/trauma
What is a treatment for phimosis?
Topical corticosteroids - 0.1% triamcinolone topical cream 6-8 weeks
What is inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin called?
Treat how?
Balanoposthitis
Polysporin (bacitracin + polymyxin)
What is Balanitis mean?
Inflammation of the glans penis only (circumcised penis)
What is a Bell Clapper deformity?
Tunica vaginalis attaches higher up on the spermatic cord and completely envelops the testes
If a patient has testical pain and is found to have b/l varicoceles, what is the treatment?
Surgery
Urine Pr/Cr ratio of what correlates to nephrotic syndrome?
What is normal in kids > 2 y/o?
Normal for 6mo - 2 yrs?
> 3.0 mg/dL
< .2 mg/dL
< .5 mg/dL
What do hyaline casts suggest in urine?
RBC casts?
WBC casts?
Dehydration or ATN
GN
infection
Teenage boy with facial swelling, fever, testicular swelling, what does he probably have?
Must r/o what?
Mumps (orchitis)
Torsion
