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TBL > GI hormones > Flashcards

GI hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What cell type secretes gastrin?

A

G cells

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2
Q

Where are G cells located?

A

Antrum

Duodenum

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3
Q

What factors increase gastrin secretion?

A

Amino acids

Peptides

Gastric distension

Increased pH

Parasympathetic (using GRP)

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4
Q

What receptors does Gastrin act at?

A

CCK2 receptor called CCK-B

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5
Q

How does gastrin affect the stomach?

A

Parietal cells: inc. HCl, IF secretion

Chief cells: inc. pepsinogen, gastric lipase

Mucosal cells: inc. # and size

ECL cells: inc. histamine release

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6
Q

What cells secrete histamine?

A

ECL

Mast cells

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7
Q

Where are ECL and mast cells located?

A

Gastric glands

GI mucosa

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8
Q

What factors increase secretion of histamine?

A

Gastrin

Parasympathetic

Gastric distension

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9
Q

What receptor does histamine act on?

A

H2

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10
Q

What affect does histamine have on the stomach?

A

Parietal cells: increase HCl, IF

Chief cells: increase pepsinogen, gastric lipase

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11
Q

How is carbonic acid distributed from the parietal cell?

A

acid is pumped out to lumen

Bicarbonate is pumped out to blood on basolateral end of cell

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12
Q

How is H+ pumped out of parietal cell?

A

H,K - ATPase: recycles potassium to pump out acid

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13
Q

What cells secrete cholecystokinin?

A

I cells

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14
Q

Where are I cells located?

A

Duodenum

Jejunum

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15
Q

What factors increase secretion of CCK?

A

From CCK releasing peptide:
Fatty acids
Amino acids
Peptides

Monitor Peptide

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16
Q

What receptor does CCK act at?

A

CCK1 receptor called CCK-A

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17
Q

Where do CCK’s actions have effect?

A

Pancreas

Gallbladder

Sphincter of Oddi

Gastric emptying

CNS

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18
Q

What effect does CCK have?

A

Pancreas:
Acinar cells = inc. enzyme release
Ductal cells = potential HCO3 secretion by secretin

Gallbladder = contraction

Sphincter of Oddi = relaxation (via NO)

Gastric emptying = slowed

CNS = increases feeling of fullness

19
Q

What cells secrete Secretin?

A

S cells

20
Q

Where are S cells located?

A

Duodenum

Jejunum

21
Q

What factors increase secretion of secretin?

A

Low pH

Fatty acids

22
Q

What receptor does secretin act on?

A

SCTR

23
Q

Where does secretin’s actions have effect?

A

Pancreas

Bile duct

G cells

Gastric emptying

24
Q

What effect does Secretin have?

A

Pancreas
Ductal cells = inc. HCO3 secretion
Acinar cells = potentials enzyme release by CCK

Bile duct = inc. HCO3 secretion

G cells = dec. gastrin release

Gastric emptying = slowed

25
Q

What cells secrete Somatostatin?

A

D cells

26
Q

Where are D cells located?

A

Stomach

Small intestines

Pancreas

27
Q

What factors increase SST secretion?

A

Low pH

Fatty acids

Amino acids

Peptides

28
Q

What receptor does SST act on?

A

SSTR

29
Q

Where do SST’s actions have an effect?

A

Stomach

Duodenum

Pancreas

Gallbladder

30
Q

What effects does SST have?

A

Stomach:
G cells = dec. gastrin release
Parietal cells = dec. HCl, IF
Chief cells = dec. pepsinogen, gastric lipase

Duodenum
I cells: decrease CCK release

Pancreas
Acinar cells: dec. enzyme
Beta cells = dec. insulin release
Alpha cells = dec. glucagon release

Gallbladder = dec. contraction (mostly from dec. CCK around)

31
Q

What cells secrete glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide?

A

K cells

32
Q

Where are K cells located?

A

Duodenum

Jejunum

33
Q

What factors increase GIP secretion?

A

Glucose

Fatty acids

34
Q

What receptor does GIP act on?

A

GIP receptor

35
Q

What actions does GIP have?

A

Pancreas
Beta cells: inc. insulin release

Gastric emptying: slowed

36
Q

What cells secrete motilin?

A

M cells

37
Q

Where are M cells located?

A

Duodenum

Jejunum

38
Q

What factors increase motilin secretion?

A

Fasting

39
Q

What receptor does motilin act on?

A

Motilin receptor

40
Q

What actions does Motilin have?

A

Migrating motor complex (MMC):
Peristaltic sweep
Relaxes pyloric sphincter

41
Q

What does intrinsic factors help with?

A

Vitamin B12 absorption

42
Q

What effects do vagal stimulation have on GI hormones?

A

Chief cells: inc. gastric lipase, pepsinogen

Parietal cells: inc. HCl, IF

ECL cells: inc. histamine

G cells: inc. gastrin

43
Q

What effect does prostaglandin stimulation have on GI hormones?

A

Surface mucous cells: inc. HCO3, mucus, trefoil peptides

Chief cells: dec. gastric lipase, pepsinogen

Parietal cells: dec HCl, IF

44
Q

What cells secrete bicarbonate?

A

Pancreatic duct cells

Parietal cells

TBL (4 decks)

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