Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > GI Hormones > Flashcards

GI Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrin (Actions)

A

Increases H+ secretion by the parietal cells; stimulates growth of gastric mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gastrin (Secreted from)

A

Secreted from: G cells of the gastric antrum in response to a meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gastrin (Stimuli)

A
  • Small peptides and amino acids in lumen of stomach (Phe and Trp);
  • Distention of the stomach
  • Vagal stimulation, mediated by GRP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gastrin (Inhibition)

A
  • H+ in the lumen

- Somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the gastric mucosa look in a patient w/ a gastrinoma?

A

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CCK (Actions)

A
  • Stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and causes the relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi for secretion of bile
  • Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion
  • Potentiates secretin-induced stimulation of pancreatic HCO3- secretion
  • Stimulates growth of exocrine pancreas
  • Inhibits gastric emptying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fats role on the secretion of CCK

A

Fats stimulate the secretion of CCK, which slows gastric emptying to allow more time for intestinal digestion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CCK (Stimuli) and what does not stimulate CCK release?

A

-Small peptides and AAs
-Fatty acids and monoglycerides
(need to be able to cross the intestinal cell membranes)
TGs do not stimulate release of CCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of cell releases CCK and in what location?

A

CCK released from the I cells of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secretin (Actions)

A

Coordinated to reduce the amount of H+ in the lumen of the small intestine

  • Stimulates pancreatic HCO3- secretion and increases growth of exocrine pancreas
  • Stimulates HCO3- and water secretion by the liver and increases bile production
  • Inhibits H+ secretion by gastric parietal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Secretin (Stimuli)

A
  • H+ in the lumen of the duodenum

- Fatty acids in the lumen of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cell in what location releases secretin?

A

S cells of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does GIP stand for?

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GIP (actions)

A
  • Stimulates insulin release

- Inhibits H+ secretion by gastric parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is oral glucose more effective than IV glucose in causing insulin release and glucose utilization?

A

In the presence of an oral glucose load, GIP causes the release of insulin from the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GIP (Stimuli)

A

Stimulated by FAs, AAs, and carbohydrates (orally administered glucose)

17
Q

Where is GIP released?

A

Secreted by duodenum and jejunum

18
Q

Somatostatin

-Secretion location, Inhibitors, Actions, Stimuli

A
  • Secreted by cells throughout the GI tract in response to H+ in the lumen
  • Secretion inhibited by vagal stimulation
  • Inhibits the release of all GI hormones (particularly gastrin)
19
Q

Histamine

-Secretion, actions

A
  • Secreted by ECL cells of the gastric mucosa

- Increases gastric H+ secretion directly and potentiates effects of gastrin and vagal stimulation

20
Q

VIP (neurocrine)

A
  • Released from neurons in the mucosa and smooth muscle of the GI tract
  • Produces relaxation of GI smooth muscle, including the LES
  • Stimulates pancreatic HCO3- secretion
  • Inhibits gastrin H+ secretion
21
Q

GRP (neurocrine)

A
  • Released from vagus nerves that innervate G cells

- Stimulates gastrin release from G cells

22
Q

Enkephalins

A
  • Secreted from nerves in the mucosa and smooth muscle of GI tract
  • Stimulate contraction of GI smooth muscle, particularly the LES, pyloric sphincter and ileocecal sphincters
  • Inhibit intestinal secretion of fluid and electrolytes (Think opiates)
23
Q

Inhibitors of Appetite

A

Leptin
Insulin
GLP-1

24
Q

Stimulants of appetite

A

Orexigenic neurons release NPY

Ghrelin is secreted by gastric cells–>stimulates orexigenic neurons–>increase in appetitie

GI (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions