GI Hormones

Question 1

Gastrin released from

Answer 1

G cells in gastric antrum + duod

Question 2

Gastrin stimulation

Answer 2

intragastric peptides + gastric distention

Question 3

Gastrin site of action + effect (3)

Answer 3

• gastric parietal and chief cells - H+ and pepsinogen secretion
• pancreatic acinar cells - enzyme secretion
• stomach, duod, pancreas - growth (can cause gastric hypertrophy)

Question 4

CCK released from

Answer 4

I cells in duod + jej

Question 5

CCK site of action (4) + fxn

Answer 5

• GB - contraction
• sphincter of Oddi - relaxation
• panc - enzyme secretion + growth
• stomach - inhibition of gastric emptying

Question 6

CCK stimulation

Answer 6

duod fatty acids, AA, H+

Question 7

Secretin released from

Answer 7

S cells in SI

Question 8

Secretin stimulation

Answer 8

Duod H + fatty acids

Question 9

Secretin site of action + fxn (2)

Answer 9

• panc duct cells - bicarb + water secretion

- biliary epithelium, duod - bicarb + water secretion

Question 10

Enteroglucagon secreted by

Answer 10

L cells in terminal ileum/colon and cleaved into 3 hormones

Question 11

Oxyntomodulin source

Answer 11

break down of enteroglucagon

Question 12

GLP-1 + -2 source

Answer 12

break down of enteroglucagon

Question 13

Oxyntomodulin stimulation

Answer 13

Ileal/colonic glucose + lipid

Question 14

Oxyntomodulin site of action and function

Answer 14

gastric parietal cells - inhibition of H+ secretion

Question 15

GLP-1 stimulation, site of action, effect

Answer 15

Duod FAs, acts on panc B cells, stimulates insulin secretion (incretin during euglycemia)

-ileal FAs, site of action on stomach, inhibition of gastric emptying

Question 16

GLP-2 stimulation

Answer 16

carbs, lipids, SCFA

Question 17

GLP2 site of action + effect

Answer 17

SI, colon - inhibits gastric emptying (ileal brake) and secretion.

crypt cell proliferation, suppression of apoptosis. reduces gut permeability + bacterial translocation

Question 18

gastric inhibitory polypeptide released from

Answer 18

prox SI

Question 19

gastric inhibitory polypeptide stimulus

Answer 19

FAs, glucose, AAs

Question 20

gastric acid polypeptide site of action + effect

Answer 20

duod, jej, ileum - inhibition of gastric + intestinal motility

stimulates insulin secretion during euglycemia

Question 21

somatostatin released from

Answer 21

D cells throughout GI

Question 22

somatostatin stimulus

Answer 22

lipids, protein, bile

Question 23

somatostatin site of action + effect

Answer 23

stomach, intestine, panc - inhibition of gastric, intestinal, panc secretion

Question 24

Motilin released from

Answer 24

prox SI

Question 25

Motilin stimulus

Answer 25

H+ and lipids

Question 26

Motilin site of action and effect

Answer 26

stomach, duod, jej - increases gastroesophogeal sphincter pressure, stimulates propulsive motility
stimulates gastric, pancreatic, biliary secretion

Question 27

panc polypeptide stimulation

Answer 27

protein, cholinergic reflexes

Question 28

panc polypeptide site of action + effect

Answer 28

panc - inhibition of panc enzyme + fluid secretion

Question 29

5-hydroxytryptamine (aka serotonin) released from

Answer 29

enterochromaffin cells + enteric neurons in GIT

Question 30

5-hydroxytryptamine (aka serotonin) stimulus

Answer 30

H+

Question 31

5-hydroxytryptamine (aka serotonin) site of action and effect

Answer 31

intestine + colon - stimulation of motility and secretion

Question 32

Ghrelin released from

Answer 32

stomach

Question 33

Ghrelin stimulus

Answer 33

dietary protein

Question 34

Ghrelin site of action + effect

Answer 34

pituitary - stim of GH secretion