GI history

Question 1

peptic ulcer disease

Answer 1

dull or burning pain that is relieved to a degree by food or antacids
episodic and may occur at night and wake the patient from sleep

Question 2

pancreatic pain

Answer 2

epigastric pain that may be partly relieved by sitting up and leaning forwards
often radiation of pain to the back
vomiting is common

Question 3

biliary pain

Answer 3

biliary colic
severe constant pain lasting for hours
episodes unpredictable but may occur fter fatty meals
of cholecystitis ensues, the pain may shift to the right upper quadraant and become more sevre
associated with nausea and vomiting

Question 4

bowel obstruction

Answer 4

colicky pain
periumbilical pain suggests a small bowel origin but colonic pain can occur anywhere in the abdomen
small bowel obstruction tends to cause more frequent colicky pain than large bowel obstruction
obstruction is often associated with vomiting, constipation and abdominal distension

Question 5

renal colic

Answer 5

pain superimposed on a abckground of constant pain in the renal angle, often with radiation towards the groin

Question 6

early satiation

Answer 6

inability to finish a full meal
may be a symptom of gastric disease
gastric cancer, peptic ulcer

Question 7

post prandial fullness

Answer 7

a feeling of innappropriate fullness after eating

may be a symptom of functional dyspepsiaa

Question 8

rumination

Answer 8

affortless regurgiation of food into the mouth after eating

Question 9

waterbrash

Answer 9

excessive secretion of saliva into the mouth

may occur in peptic ulcer disease

Question 10

intrinsic mechanical oesophageal obstructiin

Answer 10

reflux oesophagitis with stricture formation
carcinoma of oesophagues or gastric cardia
eosinophic oesophagitis
pharyngeal or oesophageal web
pharyngeal pouch
schatzki ring
foreign body

Question 11

extrinsic causes for mechanical obstruction of eosopahgus

Answer 11

goitre with retrosternal extension

mediastinal tumours, bronchial carcinoma, vascular compression (rare)

Question 12

neuromuscular motility disorders causing dysphagia

Answer 12

solids and liquids wil be equally difficult
achalasia
diffuse oesophageal spasm
scleroderma

Question 13

oropharyngeal dysphagia

Answer 13

aspiratioon, fluid regurgitation into the nose
cricopharyngeal dysfunction - zenker’s diverticulum
neurological disease - bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy
myasthania gravis, polymyositis, myotonic dystrophy