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Histology II > GI Histology > Flashcards

GI Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity

A

stratified squamous

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2
Q

What type of epithelium lines the esophagus

A

stratified squamous

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3
Q

What type of epithelium lines the stomach

A

simple columnar

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4
Q

What type of epithelium lines the intestines

A

simple columnar

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5
Q

which layer of the mucosa is home to a lareg number of leukocytes

A

lamina propria

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6
Q

What layer separates the mucosa from the submucosa

A

Muscularis mucosae

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7
Q

Miessner’s plexus is located where

A

In the submucosa

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8
Q

Muscle layers in the muscularis externa (exception: stomach)

A

Inner circular

Outer longitudinal layer

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9
Q

Aurbach’s plexus is located where

A

in the muscularis externa between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layer

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10
Q

Serosa vs Adventitia

A 
Serosa = in the peritineal cavity 
Adventitia = outside the peritneal cavity (whispy fibers that blend with surrounding connective tissue)
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11
Q

Serosa is made up of what type of epithelium

A

Simple squamous

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12
Q

Which layers are missing in the oral cavity>?

A

Muscularis Mucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa/adventitia

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13
Q

Minor salivart glads

A

intrinsic
mucous secreting
branched tubular

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14
Q

mucous secreting glands of the oral cavity

A

mostly watery part of saliva not very many enzymes

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15
Q

lingual papillae of the tongue

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate

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16
Q

Filiform papilla

A 
most abundant 
mostly anterior 
Highly keratinized 
Mechanical function (grab onto food) 
NO TASTE BUDS
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17
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

mushroom shaped most abundant near the tip of the tonge

taste bud located at apical surface

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18
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A

row of saucer shaved papillae that for the V in front of the terminal sulcus
tastebuds placed laterally within the surrounding moat
Von Ebners glands open at the base of the moat and secrete watery saliva to flush the moat

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19
Q

Foliate papillae

A

parallel ridge that run on the side of the tongue, laterally placed tased buds, moat with vonebners glands between the ridges

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20
Q

Cell types within tase buds

A

sensory - modified neuron

Support cells - fibroblasts

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21
Q

where are taste buds located

A

tongue (fungiform, circumvallate, foliate) oral cavity (glossopharyngeal arch, soft palate, Epiglottis)

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22
Q

Functions of Saliva

A

lubricates oral cavity
Digestive enzymes (amylase -cabs, lipase- fats)
Antibacterial
Immune - IgA
Source of calcium and phosphate ions essential for normal tooth development

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23
Q

Are major salivary glands intrisnic or extrinsic

A

Extrinsic

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24
Q

Three components of major salivary glads

A

Stroma
Secretory part
Ductal system

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25
three types of acini within the secretory part of major salivary glands
Serous Acini Mucous Acini Mixed Acini
26
Serous Acini of major salivary glands
Protein secreting: Euchromatic nucleaus, dark basophillic base due to abundant RER, lighter staining (orange) granules in apical domain Pyramidal shaped cells - gland is spherical in shape
27
Mucous acini of major salivary glands
mucous secreting: | Heterochromatic nucli that are squished at the base. Frothy appearance
28
Mixed acini of major salivary glands
tubular mucous component with serous cap (seorus demilune)
29
Myoepithelial cells of major salivary glands
nonsecreting cells within the acini | contractile cells that embrace the basal part of acinar secretory cells
30
Subdivisions of intralobule ducts in major salivary glands
1. Interacalated | 2. Striated
31
Intercalated ducts of major salivary glands
intra lobular begins directly from the acini lined with low cuboidal nuclei near the base
32
what kind of epithelium line intercalated ducts
low cuboidal
33
Striated ducts of major salivary glands
Columnar epithelial cells Basal membrane infoldings nuclei in the midd part of the cell (pushed up by basal infoldings
34
type of columnar epithelium lining striated ducts of major salivary glands
columnar
35
Purpose of basal membrane inflodings within striated ducts of major salivary glands
increase surface area for ion absorption Pumps transport ions into saliva AGAINST they gradient Mictochondria are stacked in the infoldings to provide ATP for the pumps
36
what kind of epithelium lines interlobular ducts of major salivary glands
Stratifed colimnar (can also be simple columnar and stratifed cuboidal)
37
Which of the major salivary glands is completely serous?
parotid
38
Which of the major salivary glands is mixed but is mostly serous?
Submandibular
39
Which of the major salivary glands is mixed but is mostly mucous
Sublingual
40
three major salivary glands
parotid submandibular sublingual
41
what is unique about the muscularis mucosae of the esophagus?
longitudinally oriented bundles of smooth muscle separated by connective tissue
42
Mucosal (esophageal cardiac glands)
present in the terminal part of the esophagus
43
Esophageal glands proper
located in the submucosa tubuloalveolar glands scattered along the length of the esophagus
44
serosa/adventitia of the esophagus
mostly adventitia | very distal part that projects through the hiatus of the diaphragm (serosa)
45
Functions of the stomach
storage of food digestion regulation of GI hormones
46
what layers form the rugae of the stomach
mucosa and submucosa fold into rugae
47
Histological regions of the stomach
1. Cardiac region (contains cardiac glands) 2. Fundic region (contains fundic glands) 3. Pyloric region (contains pyloric glands)
48
surface mucosal cells
mucosa of the stomach (simple columnar) | secrete tough, thick, gel like mucous that forms a coat that protects the epithelium from HCl
49
Gastric pits
located on surface epithelium- lined with surface mucous cells
50
how does the lamina propria differ in the stomach from other region?
unique glands (depending on area- cardiac, fundic, pyloric)
51
what makes muscularis externa unique in the stomach
three layers instead of 2 inner oblique middle circular layer outer longitudinal
52
Parietal cells
mostly found in the neck of the fundic gland "Fried egg" appearance produces HCl Proceds intrinsic factor
53
Secreting vs nonsecreting parietal cell
Secreting - microvilli extend into inracellular canaliculi to increas surace area to pump H and Cl non-secreting- folds down into tubovesicular system
54
gastric cells
located in the base of the fundic gland protein secreting cell- abdundant RER at base, secretory granules in the apical portion secrete pepsiongen
55
Mucous neck cells
located in the neck of the fundic glands secretion of soluble mucous to dilute secretions and create a smooth environment
56
enteroendocrine cells
concentrated at the base of fundic glands secrete gastrin and ghrelin secrete to lamina propria
57
Pogenitor cells
located in the isthmus of the gland replace both mucous cells and fundic gland cells
58
Fundic gland cells
``` Parietal cells gastric cheif cells enteroendocrine cells mucous neck cells Porgenitor cells ```
59
Cadiac gland cells
narrow ring around esophageal orifice Branched tubular produces muscous that protect the esophogeal eipthelim form acid reflux shallow gastric pits (less than 1/2 depth of mucosa)
60
Pyloric Glands
located in pyloric antrum Branched coiled produce mucous that protects the pyloric mucosa gastric pits extend beyond 1/2 depth of mucosa
61
Functions of the small intestine
``` Principle site of digestion of food absorption synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes control of microbial growth regulation of GI function ```
62
Plicae Circularis
unique feature of the small intestine core contains both mucosa and submucoa most numerous in the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum
63
Villi
unique feature to the small intestine core formed by connective tissue and lamina propria

Histology II (1 decks)

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