Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DEMS: Unit 1 > GI Histology > Flashcards

GI Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Types of cells lining the oral cavity

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
    • non-keratinized, except @ hard palate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of salivary glands and location

A
  • salivary glands = exocrine glands = secrete products into lumen via duct system
  • submanidbular
  • sublingual
  • parotid
  • similar structures but different types secretory units (acini)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell type & location

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • oral cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A
  • A = parotid gland
  • B = sublingual gland
  • C = submandibular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of acini

A
  • acini = structural unit of secretory tlands which form lumens continuous w/duct system
  • serous acini
    • secretory product = mostly digestive enzymes and fluid
  • mucous acini
    • secretory product = extensively glycosylated proteins that fxn in lubrication of ingested food
  • mixed acini (inner = mucous, outer = serous)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Histologic characteristics of submandibular salivary gland

A
  • serous and mucous acini; serous predominate
  • gland is subdivided by connective tissue septa
  • serous-secreting sections = darker
  • mucous-secreting sections = lighter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Histological characteristics of sublingual gland

A
  • predominately mucous acini
    • do not stain well ==> white patches
  • ducts are surrounded by attending connective tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Histologic characteristics of mixed acini

A
  • occur @ both submandibular and sublingual glands
  • serous cells surround basal domains ==> form crescent shape profiles = “demilunes”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Histologic characteristics of the parotid gland

A
  • predominantly serous acini
  • large excretory ducts are surrounded by connective tissue
  • SA = serous acini
  • Ad = adipose cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Histologic characteristics of serous ducts

A
  • intercalated duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Histological characteristics of mucous ducts

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identify

A
  • duct from serous acini
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Location? Identify A & B

A
  • location = sublingual gland
  • A = larger duct
  • B = mucous acini
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Identify

A
  • duct from mucous acinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Identify 1 - 7

A
  1. lumen of acinus
  2. mucous secretory granules
  3. nucleus of mucous cell
  4. cells of serous demilunes
  5. periacinar connective tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Location? Identify A, B, C

A
  • location = parotid gland
  • A = adipose
  • B = serous acini
  • C = larger duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Location? Identify A, B

A
  • location = submandibular gland
  • A = serous acini
  • B = mucous acini
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Major layers of GI tract (general): esophagus ==> anus

A
  • closest ==> farthest from lumen:
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • serosa or adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Structure of esophagus

A
  • 1 = lumen
  • 2= mucosa
  • 3 = epithelium
  • 4 = lamina propria
  • 5 = muscularis mucosa
  • 6 = submucosa
  • 7 = muscularis externa, inner circular
    • some striated muscle in upper 1/3 - 2/3 of esophagus
  • 8 = muscularis externa, outer longitudinal
  • 9 = adventitia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Histologic characteristics of esophageal wall

A
  • closest ==> farthest from lumen:
  • epithelium = squamous cells (black line)
    • contains distinct regious of differentiation
  • lamina propria (LP) = loose connective
    • capillaries/small BVs
    • lymphocytes
    • lymphatic vessels (LY)
  • muscularis mucosa (yellow line)
    • contains smooth muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Histologic characteristics of esophogeal-gastric junction

A
  • abrupt epithelial change
  • thickening of muscularis mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Layers of the stomach

A
  • rugae = large folds
  • serosa = continous w/peritoneum
  • muscularis externa has three layers
    • inner oblique
    • middle circular
    • outer longitudinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Histologic characteristics of gastric wall

A
  • simple columnar epithelium (mucous-secreting, E)
  • lamina propria (LP)
  • gastric pits (GP)
  • gastric glands (GG)
  • lymph nodule (LN)
  • parietal cells (PC)
  • groups of chief or peptic cells (CC) at the base of the gastric glands (encircled) next to the muscularis mucosa (MM)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Location? Identify A-J

A
  • A = simple columnar epithelium/mucosa
  • B = gastric pits
  • C = lamina propria
  • D = gastric glands
  • E = lamina propria
  • F = parietal cells
  • G = lamina propria
  • H = lymph nodule
  • I = muscularis mucosa
  • J = chief (peptic) cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Location? Identify A, B
* location = stomach * A = rugae * B = lymph node
26
Identify A - I
* A = surface epithelium * B = gastric pits * C = lyphoid nodule * D = gastric glands * E = lamina propria mucosae * F = submucosa * G = muscularis mucosae * H = smooth muscle layer * I = serosa
27
Identify A, B, C
* A = esophagus * B = esophageal-gastric jxn * C = stomach
28
Location? Identify A - E
* location = esophagus * A = mucosal layer/squamous epithelium * B = muscularis mucosae * C - E = lamina propria * F = lymphatic vessel
29
Identify 1-9
``` 1 = lumen 2= mucosa 3 = epithelium 4 = lamina propria 5 = muscularis mucosa 6 = submucosa 7 = muscularis externa, inner circular ``` ``` 8 = muscularis externa, outer longitudinal 9 = adventitia. ```
30
Identify A-D
* A = surface mucous cells * B = mucous neck cells * C = parietal cells * D = chief cells
31
Identify regions 1-3 & structures A-E
* 1 = gastric pit * 2 = neck * 3 = base * A = parietal cells * B = chief cells * C = mucous neck cells * D = parietal cells * E = surface mucous cells
32
Location? Fxn?
* location = stomach; gastric pits * fxn = mucous secreting cell
33
Location? Fxn?
* stomach; @ neck of gastric gland * A = parietal cells * fxn = secrete HCl
34
* Location? * Identify A, B * A fxn?
* stomach; base of gastric gland * A = chief cells * B = muscularis mucosae * A fxn = secrete pepsinogen
35
Identify. Fxn?
* chief cell * fxn = secrete pepsinogen
36
Identify. Fxn?
* parietal cell * fxn = secrete HCl
37
Characteristics of blood supply to stomach
* arterial supply ==\> mucosa originates from arterioles @ submucosa * ==\> capillary networks at LP and surface epithelium
38
Identify.
Junction between pylorus (stomach) and duodenum
39
Identify A, B, C
* A = stomach * B = pyloric sphincter * C = duodenum
40
Identify A - E + fxns
* A = plicae circulares * fxn = increase SA * B = mucosa * fxn = protective layer * C = submucosa * D = villi * fxn = increase SA * E = brunner's gland * fxn = produce/secrete mucous and bicarb to neutralize stomach acid
41
Location? Identify + fxn
* location = small intestine * villi * fxn = increase SA for absorption
42
Location? Identify A-G
* Location = duodenum * A = villi * B = lamina propria * C = brunner's glands * D = crypts * E = circular smooth muscle * F = longitudinal smooth muscle * G = lacteal
43
Major surface structural difference throughout intestines
* decreased/structurally different villi as continue distally from duodenum ==\> colon
44
Structure of blood circulation to small intestine
45
Structure of lymphatic drainage @ small intestine
* lacteals ==\> blind end or lymphatic nodule
46
Structure of nervous system innervation @ small intestine
* parasympathetic ganglia * plexus of messner [submucosal] * myenteric plexus of Auerbach [muscularis]
47
Location? Identify + fxn
* location = small intestine * A = lacteal * fxn = transport lymph/fats
48
Location? Identify + fxn
* location = small intestine * Auerbach's plexus * fxn = mostly parasympathetic innervation
49
Location? Identify A, B + fxn
* small intestine * A = muscularis mucosae * B = meissner's plexus * fxn = autonomic innervation; mostly sympathetic
50
Identify A-D + B fxn
* A = muscularis mucosae * B = brunner's glands * Fxn = secrete an alkaline (pH 8-9) mucoid product that neutralizes the acidic chyme from the stomach * C = inner circular smooth m. * D = outer long smooth m.
51
Identify A,B
* A = goblets * B = digestive/absorptive cells (enterocytes)
52
Location? Identify
* location = small intestine * digestive/absorptive cells (enterocytes) + microvilli
53
Location? Identify + cell types
* small intestine * crypts of lieberkuhn * undifferentiated stem cells * endocrine cells * panneth cells = eosinophilic granules + defensins (antibacterial peptides) + lysozyme
54
Location? Identify A,B + A fxn
* Small intestine, @ crypts * A = panneth cells * fxn = bacterial protection * B = muscularis mucosae
55
Location? Identify + fxn
* location = ileum * Peyer's patches = aggregations of lymphatic nodules * more abundant and larger @ ileum
56
Mechanism of mucosal immunity
1. antigens transported to lymphoid tissue by M cells 2. effector B cells are stimulated and migrate to distant glandular/mucosal tissues 3. B cells ==\> IgA producing plasma cells 4. IgA abs transported into lumen * \*\*entry of antigens at one location in the GI tract can provide the entire GI tract with immune protection
57
Characteristics of M Cells
* localized by lymphoid tissue e.g. peyer's patches * continously endocytose material ==\> intraepithelial pockets filled w/lymphocytes
58
Mechanism of IgA transport @ gut (general)
1. synthesis @ RER ==\> 2. golgi ==\> 3. basolateral PM ==\> 4. binds receptor @ basolateral PM of enterocytes ==\> 5. vesicular formation and transcytosis ==\> 6. vesicle fuses w/apical PM * the pIgA-R does not recycle like most receptors==\> metabolic expense to transport polymeric IgA molecules into the lumen of the gut
59
IgA transport @ salivary glands/hepatocytes
* Salivary gland acinar cells and hepatocytes also transport polymeric IgA * salivary: secreted from the glands directly into the mouth * hepatocytes: liver into bile and thence into the duodenum
60
Identify A,B, C
* A = lumen w/feces * B = crypts of lieberkuhn * C = lymph nodules
61
Location? Indentify A + composition
* location = colon * A = crypts of lieberkuhn * abundant @ colon * contains mostly goblet cells * some endocrine cells
62
Location?
appendix ("cecum")
63
Location? identify
* location = colon * muscularis externus
64
Identify A,B
* A = rectum * B = anal canal * anal-rectal jxn ==\> abrupt change from columnar to stratified squamous epithelium

DEMS: Unit 1 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions