GI/GU Weak Points

Question 1

What do RBC casts in the urine indicate?

Answer 1

glomerulonephritis

Question 2

What do WBC casts in the urine indicate?

Answer 2

pyelonephritis

Question 3

What do epithelial casts in the urine indicate?

Answer 3

ATN

Question 4

What causes the odor in urine?

Answer 4

breakdown of urea to ammonia

Question 5

What causes the color of urine?

Answer 5

urochrome pigments

Question 6

Is Cr or BUN a more reliable test for renal function?

Answer 6

serum creatinine

Question 7

What is creatinine?

Answer 7

product of muscle metabolism by kidneys

Question 8

What is urea?

Answer 8

product of protein metabolism by kidneys

Question 9

What does an elevate creatinine mean?

Answer 9

dec renal function

Question 10

What does an elevate BUN mean?

Answer 10

dec renal function
dec fluid volume (dry)
inc protein take
inc catabolism

Question 11

What substance is used to measure GFR?

Answer 11

inulin

Question 12

What does dipstick and u/a w/ micro help identify?

Answer 12

intrarenal pathologies

Question 13

Pathology of PKD

Answer 13

• dec IC Ca+ w/ excessive inc cAMP

- dec GFR and concentration of urine

Question 14

What are the symptoms of PKD?

Answer 14

• HTN, pain
• can progress to ESRD/dialysis
• commonly involves cystic liver

Question 15

What is PKD1 and PKD2?

Answer 15

-Mutations that cause adult dominant PKD

• PKD1 (Chrom 16) regulates PKD2’s activity
• PKD2 (Chrom 4) is a Ca++ channel that allows influx of Ca++

Question 16

Where does RCC tend to occur?

Answer 16

renal cortex and PCT