GI/GU Flashcards
risk factors
excessive alcohol consumption
excessive smoking
increased stress
poor bowel habits
visceral abdo pain
dull, poorly localized
originates from the walls of hollow organs
somatic abdo pain
sharp, localized pain
originates from the walls of the body
referred pain
pain that originates in a region other than where its felt
causes of pain
inflammation
distention
ischemia
irritation
GI system functions
converts food into nutrient molecules and excretes solid wastes
digestive tract functions
protects surrounding tissues against digestive acids
ingestion
mechanical processing
digestion
secretions
absorption
compaction and defecation
peristalisis
process of sequential contraction moving materials along tract (bolus)
urinary system
eliminates excess water salts and physiological waste
2 kidneys
ureters— receive urine from kidneys
bladder
urethra
urine volume
normal–1200 ML per day — osmotic concentration 1000
polyuria
oliguria
anuria
excessive amounts of urine
low amount 50-500
none 0-50
catheters used for?
prostate or other blockage
monitor fluid output
mobility issues
urine tests
dysuria
painful urination
cullens sign
bruising around umbilicus— pancreatitis or ectopic
grey turners sign
bruising of the flank—- retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Psoas sign
extending hip causes pain— appendicitis
melena
black stool
hematochezia
bright red blood in tool
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
cholecystitis
inflammation of gallbladder– gall stones
fat female forty
fever, jaundice and tachy—– + murphy’s sign
gastroenteritis
inflammation of stomach and intestine
diarrhea, nausea and vomiting
bacterial, viral and parasitic
life threatening
AAA
ectopic
acute abdomen
symptoms of GI tract
pain
vomiting
bleeding
alterations in bowel habits
alterations of liver or pancreatic function
dehydration compesation
tachycardia, vasoconstriction, narrow pulse pressure
GI bleeding
hemorrhage
hypovolemia
salivary gland stone
calcified structure that may form inside a salivary gland or duct. can block the flow of saliva into mouth
mallory-weiss syndrome
esophageal lining tears during severe vomiting
peptic ulcer disease/causes
high levels of acidity in stomach or duodenum
acid eats into the organ
infection
chronic use of NSAIDs
alcohol and smoking
pancreatitis/risk factors
autodigestion of the pancreas
ducts carries enzymes get blocked
alcohol consumption
gallstones
med reactions
trauma
cancer
high triglyceride levels
appendicitis
more prone in males and adolescents
diverticulitis
feces trapped in pouches along intestine
need fiber!
ulcerative colitis
generalized inflammation of the colon
chronic inflammation
weakened dilated colon prone to infections
disease of the young
chrons disease
immune system attacks GI tract
ileum inflamed
hemorrhoids
swelling and inflammation of blood vessels surrounding the rectum
kidney stones
severe abdominal flank pain
dysuria
oliguria and anuria in obstruction
nephrology
branch of medicine devoted to renal disorders
functions of urinary system
maintain blood volume
balance of water, electrolytes and pH
ensures glucose remains in blood
waste removal
regulation of arterial blood pressure
development of blood cells
kidney failure
greatest factor— loss of blood pressure and blood flow to kidneys
increases with MAP below 65
MAP
diastolic + (systolic-diastolic)
non-traumatic causes of GU issues
inflammatory or immune mediated disease
infectious disease
physical obstruction
hemorrhage
acute renal failure/causes
sudden drop in urine output –less than 400 to 500—oliguria—-anuria
hypertension
chronic heart failure
diabetes
chronic infections
autoimmune disease
chronic renal failure
inadequate kidney function due to permanent loss of nephrons
70% lost
end stage renal failure
80% nephrons lost
metabolic instability
dialysis or transplant
renal calculi
kidney stones
severe pain
blood in urine
dysuria
fever chills
UTI
infection at any site of urinary tract
promotes urinary stasis
Chlamydia
gross
gonorrhea
male— dysuria ans urethral discharge’
female—lower abdo pain
dysurya
nosocimial
disease contracted while at hospital
mictutition
emptying bladder
