GI/GU

Question 1

risk factors

Answer 1

excessive alcohol consumption
excessive smoking
increased stress
poor bowel habits

Question 2

visceral abdo pain

Answer 2

dull, poorly localized
originates from the walls of hollow organs

Question 3

somatic abdo pain

Answer 3

sharp, localized pain
originates from the walls of the body

Question 4

referred pain

Answer 4

pain that originates in a region other than where its felt

Question 5

causes of pain

Answer 5

inflammation
distention
ischemia
irritation

Question 6

GI system functions

Answer 6

converts food into nutrient molecules and excretes solid wastes

Question 7

digestive tract functions

Answer 7

protects surrounding tissues against digestive acids
ingestion
mechanical processing
digestion
secretions
absorption
compaction and defecation

Question 8

peristalisis

Answer 8

process of sequential contraction moving materials along tract (bolus)

Question 9

urinary system

Answer 9

eliminates excess water salts and physiological waste
2 kidneys
ureters— receive urine from kidneys
bladder
urethra

Question 10

urine volume

Answer 10

normal–1200 ML per day — osmotic concentration 1000

Question 11

polyuria
oliguria
anuria

Answer 11

excessive amounts of urine
low amount 50-500
none 0-50

Question 12

catheters used for?

Answer 12

prostate or other blockage
monitor fluid output
mobility issues
urine tests

Question 13

dysuria

Answer 13

painful urination

Question 14

cullens sign

Answer 14

bruising around umbilicus— pancreatitis or ectopic

Question 15

grey turners sign

Answer 15

bruising of the flank—- retroperitoneal hemorrhage

Question 16

Psoas sign

Answer 16

extending hip causes pain— appendicitis

Question 17

melena

Answer 17

black stool

Question 18

hematochezia

Answer 18

bright red blood in tool

Question 19

ascites

Answer 19

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 20

cholecystitis

Answer 20

inflammation of gallbladder– gall stones
fat female forty
fever, jaundice and tachy—– + murphy’s sign

Question 21

gastroenteritis

Answer 21

inflammation of stomach and intestine
diarrhea, nausea and vomiting
bacterial, viral and parasitic

Question 22

life threatening

Answer 22

AAA
ectopic
acute abdomen

Question 23

symptoms of GI tract

Answer 23

pain
vomiting
bleeding
alterations in bowel habits
alterations of liver or pancreatic function

Question 24

dehydration compesation

Answer 24

tachycardia, vasoconstriction, narrow pulse pressure

Question 25

GI bleeding

Answer 25

hemorrhage
hypovolemia

Question 26

salivary gland stone

Answer 26

calcified structure that may form inside a salivary gland or duct. can block the flow of saliva into mouth

Question 27

mallory-weiss syndrome

Answer 27

esophageal lining tears during severe vomiting

Question 28

peptic ulcer disease/causes

Answer 28

high levels of acidity in stomach or duodenum
acid eats into the organ
infection
chronic use of NSAIDs
alcohol and smoking

Question 29

pancreatitis/risk factors

Answer 29

autodigestion of the pancreas
ducts carries enzymes get blocked
alcohol consumption
gallstones
med reactions
trauma
cancer
high triglyceride levels

Question 30

appendicitis

Answer 30

more prone in males and adolescents

Question 31

diverticulitis

Answer 31

feces trapped in pouches along intestine
need fiber!

Question 32

ulcerative colitis

Answer 32

generalized inflammation of the colon
chronic inflammation
weakened dilated colon prone to infections

disease of the young

Question 33

chrons disease

Answer 33

immune system attacks GI tract
ileum inflamed

Question 34

hemorrhoids

Answer 34

swelling and inflammation of blood vessels surrounding the rectum

Question 35

kidney stones

Answer 35

severe abdominal flank pain
dysuria
oliguria and anuria in obstruction

Question 36

nephrology

Answer 36

branch of medicine devoted to renal disorders

Question 37

functions of urinary system

Answer 37

maintain blood volume
balance of water, electrolytes and pH
ensures glucose remains in blood
waste removal
regulation of arterial blood pressure
development of blood cells

Question 38

kidney failure

Answer 38

greatest factor— loss of blood pressure and blood flow to kidneys
increases with MAP below 65

Question 39

MAP

Answer 39

diastolic + (systolic-diastolic)

Question 40

non-traumatic causes of GU issues

Answer 40

inflammatory or immune mediated disease
infectious disease
physical obstruction
hemorrhage

Question 41

acute renal failure/causes

Answer 41

sudden drop in urine output –less than 400 to 500—oliguria—-anuria
hypertension
chronic heart failure
diabetes
chronic infections
autoimmune disease

Question 42

chronic renal failure

Answer 42

inadequate kidney function due to permanent loss of nephrons
70% lost

Question 43

end stage renal failure

Answer 43

80% nephrons lost
metabolic instability
dialysis or transplant

Question 44

renal calculi

Answer 44

kidney stones
severe pain
blood in urine
dysuria
fever chills

Question 45

UTI

Answer 45

infection at any site of urinary tract
promotes urinary stasis

Question 46

Chlamydia

Answer 46

gross

Question 47

gonorrhea

Answer 47

male— dysuria ans urethral discharge’
female—lower abdo pain
dysurya

Question 48

nosocimial

Answer 48

disease contracted while at hospital

Question 49

mictutition

Answer 49

emptying bladder