GI - General

Question 1

Basic Histological Organisation of the GIT?

Answer 1

Mucosa: Epithelium, Lamina Propria, muscularis mucosa
Submucosa: Nerves (meissner’s plexus) and blood vessels
Muscularis Propria: Circular, Longditudinal, Myenteric plexus
Adventitia/ Serosa

Question 2

Function of epithelium in oesophagus, stomach, SI, LI?

Answer 2

Esophagus: Protective
Stomach and SI: Secretory
SI and LI: Absorptive
LI/ Anal Canal: Absorptive/ Protective

Question 3

Name the 3 Salivary Glands

Answer 3

Submandibular, sublingual and Parotid

Question 4

Sensory and Motor Innervation of Mouth and tongue

Answer 4

Sensory: CNVII (anterior t), CVIX (posterior t)

Motor: Hypoglossal (t), Glossopharyngeal (Pharynx),

Question 5

Secretion of the mouth

Answer 5

Mucus (lubricates)
Amylase (protein digestion)
Bicarbonate (neutralize acid)
Thiocyanate and Lysosyme (bacteriocidal agents)

Question 6

What Disease can dental caries lead to?

Answer 6

Infective endocarditis or Ludwig’s Angina (cellulitis/ connective tissue infection that can obstruct airway)

Question 7

List the regions of the abdomen

Answer 7

R. Hypochondriac ,epigastric, L. hypochondriac

R. Lumbar, Umbilical, L. lumbar

R. Iliac, Hypogastric, L. iliac region

Question 8

What organs are protected by the ribcage

Answer 8

Liver, spleen, stomach, some of the kidneys

Question 9

What protects the organs of the abdomen

Answer 9

Ribcage and the abdominal muscles

Question 10

What is the Surface landmark for the gallbladder

Answer 10

Where rectus abdominus meets costal margin (at the mid-clavicular line)

Question 11

Why do issues in the gallbladder sometimes present as referred pain to the shoulder?

Answer 11

GB is close to the diaphragm (C3/4/5)

C4 innervates the cutaneous region of the shoulder = referred pain

Question 12

Arterial supply of the foregut? What counts as the foregut

Answer 12

• Liver, spleen, lower Oesophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum to the major duodenal papillae

Coeliac trunk comes off AA just after Aortic Hiatus (T12)

Splits to Common Hepatic, L gastric and Splenic A

Question 13

Branches of Common Hepatic

Answer 13

• Gastroduodenal = pancreoduodenal and R gastroepiploic A
• R Gastric
• Hepatic A proper = L and R Hepatic A

Question 14

Features/ Branches of the Splenic A

Answer 14

Tortuous Artery

Short Gastric
Splenic Proper
L. Gastroepiploic

Question 15

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 15

Mesothelial lining of most of the organs of the abdomen

2 layers

• Parietal: Lines abdominal Cavity
• Visceral: Lines organs

Can be split into the greater and lesser sac

Question 16

What is the Greater Sac

Answer 16

The General Cavity - Anterior and inferior to the Liver and Stomach, Covers all the way down to anus

Question 17

What is the Lesser Sac

Answer 17

Formed by greater and lesser omentum.
Contains Fat
Place for rupture leaks to gather (spleen/ stomach/ liver)
Posterior and inferior to stomach and the liver

Question 18

Where/What is the Omental/ Epiploic Foramen?

Answer 18

Connects the greater and lesser sac. Found in lesser omentum
Portal Triad at its anterior border

Question 19

Describe the Greater Omentum

Answer 19

From the greater curvature of the stomach
The policemen of the abdomen
Covers anterior of most of the abdomen
Transverse colon is attached to it
Infracolic compartment is under the transverse colon. Foecal material found here if SI rupture in trauma

Question 20

Describe the Lesser Omentum

Answer 20

From the lesser curvature of the stomach 
Too small to be a policemen 
Between the liver and the stomach 
Bile duct found at its free edge
Epiploic Foramen found here

Question 21

Subphrenic Space

Answer 21

Subphrenic Space

• between liver and diaphragm (pus and fluid gather here)
• falciforme ligament (peritoneal fold) splits the space into 2

Question 22

Anatomical landmark to find the bile duct

Answer 22

Free Edge lesser omentum

Question 23

Anatomical landmark to find the portal triad

Answer 23

Anterior border of the epiploic foramen

Question 24

Falciform Ligament

Answer 24

• peritoneal fold
• splits subphrenic space into 2
• Splits liver to left and right
• Free edge = ligamentum teres