GI - General Flashcards
Basic Histological Organisation of the GIT?
Mucosa: Epithelium, Lamina Propria, muscularis mucosa
Submucosa: Nerves (meissner’s plexus) and blood vessels
Muscularis Propria: Circular, Longditudinal, Myenteric plexus
Adventitia/ Serosa
Function of epithelium in oesophagus, stomach, SI, LI?
Esophagus: Protective
Stomach and SI: Secretory
SI and LI: Absorptive
LI/ Anal Canal: Absorptive/ Protective
Name the 3 Salivary Glands
Submandibular, sublingual and Parotid
Sensory and Motor Innervation of Mouth and tongue
Sensory: CNVII (anterior t), CVIX (posterior t)
Motor: Hypoglossal (t), Glossopharyngeal (Pharynx),
Secretion of the mouth
Mucus (lubricates)
Amylase (protein digestion)
Bicarbonate (neutralize acid)
Thiocyanate and Lysosyme (bacteriocidal agents)
What Disease can dental caries lead to?
Infective endocarditis or Ludwig’s Angina (cellulitis/ connective tissue infection that can obstruct airway)
List the regions of the abdomen
R. Hypochondriac ,epigastric, L. hypochondriac
R. Lumbar, Umbilical, L. lumbar
R. Iliac, Hypogastric, L. iliac region
What organs are protected by the ribcage
Liver, spleen, stomach, some of the kidneys
What protects the organs of the abdomen
Ribcage and the abdominal muscles
What is the Surface landmark for the gallbladder
Where rectus abdominus meets costal margin (at the mid-clavicular line)
Why do issues in the gallbladder sometimes present as referred pain to the shoulder?
GB is close to the diaphragm (C3/4/5)
C4 innervates the cutaneous region of the shoulder = referred pain
Arterial supply of the foregut? What counts as the foregut
- Liver, spleen, lower Oesophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum to the major duodenal papillae
Coeliac trunk comes off AA just after Aortic Hiatus (T12)
Splits to Common Hepatic, L gastric and Splenic A
Branches of Common Hepatic
- Gastroduodenal = pancreoduodenal and R gastroepiploic A
- R Gastric
- Hepatic A proper = L and R Hepatic A
Features/ Branches of the Splenic A
Tortuous Artery
Short Gastric
Splenic Proper
L. Gastroepiploic
What is the peritoneum?
Mesothelial lining of most of the organs of the abdomen
2 layers
- Parietal: Lines abdominal Cavity
- Visceral: Lines organs
Can be split into the greater and lesser sac
What is the Greater Sac
The General Cavity - Anterior and inferior to the Liver and Stomach, Covers all the way down to anus
What is the Lesser Sac
Formed by greater and lesser omentum.
Contains Fat
Place for rupture leaks to gather (spleen/ stomach/ liver)
Posterior and inferior to stomach and the liver
Where/What is the Omental/ Epiploic Foramen?
Connects the greater and lesser sac. Found in lesser omentum
Portal Triad at its anterior border
Describe the Greater Omentum
From the greater curvature of the stomach
The policemen of the abdomen
Covers anterior of most of the abdomen
Transverse colon is attached to it
Infracolic compartment is under the transverse colon. Foecal material found here if SI rupture in trauma
Describe the Lesser Omentum
From the lesser curvature of the stomach Too small to be a policemen Between the liver and the stomach Bile duct found at its free edge Epiploic Foramen found here
Subphrenic Space
Subphrenic Space
- between liver and diaphragm (pus and fluid gather here)
- falciforme ligament (peritoneal fold) splits the space into 2
Anatomical landmark to find the bile duct
Free Edge lesser omentum
Anatomical landmark to find the portal triad
Anterior border of the epiploic foramen
Falciform Ligament
- peritoneal fold
- splits subphrenic space into 2
- Splits liver to left and right
- Free edge = ligamentum teres
