GI Facts

Question 1

What does the myenteric (Auerbachs) plexus have to do with the small bowel system?

Answer 1

It affects peristalsis and GI motility

located inbetween longitudinal and circular SM layers

Question 2

What peptide causes the gallbladder to contract the most?

Answer 2

CCK

Question 3

What will give you the most basic pancreatic secretions?

Answer 3

Secretins affect on pancreas

decrease gastric acid and increase bicarb

Question 4

what hormones is paracrine and what are its actions?

Answer 4

Somatostatin (D-cell) 
inhibits gastrin release 
Serotonin (EC cell)
gut motility and secretions 
Histamine (ECL-cell and mast)
stimulates gastric acid secretion

Question 5

What does achalasia mean?

Answer 5

Food stays in your esophagus because lower esophageal sphincter does not relax because there is no VIP coming from the vagal nerve

Question 6

what prevents gastric emptying into the duodenum?

Answer 6

Hypertonic chyme 
(due to the change in acidity?)

Question 7

what reflex gives you defecation?

Answer 7

peristaltic contractions in the colon, aka mass movement

Question 8

if you have a pancreatic tumor that secretes too much gastrin and gives you a really acidic stomach, which of the enzymes will not be working?

Answer 8

Lipase which will mess up your fat absorption as well

Question 9

What will happen to the gastric venous pH if you give a drug (omaprezole) that blocks H release in the stomach?

Answer 9

pH will fall

Question 10

pancreatic secretion flow rates?

Answer 10

increase in flow rate will give you a decrease in chloride

Question 11

If you block the common bile duct, what happens to levels of conjugated bilirubin in the plasma, unconjugated bilirubin in the plasma, and conjugated bilirubin in the urine?

Answer 11

idk yet…..

Question 12

What happens to osmolarity of the bile once it reaches the gallbaldder?

Answer 12

hyperosmolar because of concentration

Question 13

What happens to bile acid synthesis after an ileal resection?

Answer 13

it will go up because all your bile is not being absorbed anymore it is being excreted

Question 14

What will decrease glucose transport across an epithelial cell of the small intestine?

Answer 14

if give galactose because it completes with the Na/glucose symporter

Question 15

What happens at the unstirred mucosal layer of small intestine?

Answer 15

thats where lipids get absorbed??

Question 16

Questions on toxins and drugs causing diarrhea, cholera and ouabain.

Answer 16

increase the cyclic amp levels which increases secretions of chloride into the lumen

Question 17

Absorption of what will be affected if there are no bile salts?

Answer 17

absorption of any of the fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)

Question 18

short chain fatty acids?

Answer 18

do not need to be formed into micelles

Question 19

Know the pictures of the digestive system?

Answer 19

esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum

Question 20

Gastrocolic reflex?

Answer 20

stomach to colon for mass movement

requires both ENS and extrinsic (ANS) to signal

Question 21

Gastroileal reflex?

Answer 21

stomach to ileum –> increases motility and relax IC valve

requires ENS and hormones (CCK and gastrin) possible ANS

Question 22

If there is a problem with malabsorption of the Duodenum what will be the deficient?

Answer 22

Na+ or H20 vitamins? unsure
maybe Na because of all the cotransporters to use Na+ (if your pumping Na out to have it available for cotransport but dont use contransport then it stays in the lumen and is excreted