GI- FA Flashcards

1
Q

What is component of black pigmented gall stone? what is most common etiology?

A

unconjugated bilirubin: thus black

hemolysis

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2
Q

Which nutrition/vitamin is absorbed in each small intestine segment?

  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
A
  • duodenum: Fe2+
  • jejunum: B9 (folate)
  • ileum: B12 (cobalamin)
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3
Q

hepatic adenoma

  • symptoms
  • common cause
A
  • hepatomegaly, and generalized RUQ pain

- OCP and steroids

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4
Q

Which vitamin is stored in stellate cells in space of Disse in liver?

A

vitamin A

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5
Q

What parasite is associated with secondary lactose intolerance? what is mechanism?

A

Giardia causes loss of brush boarder enzymes and blunting of villi

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6
Q

Which cells in liver mediates fibrosis in liver cirrhosis? through what cytokine?

A

stellate (Ito) cells in the space of Disse
-> releases TGF-beta, which mediates fibrosis

  • stellate cells also store vitamin A
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7
Q

List two causes of hepatic angiosarcoma. what is prognosis?

A
  • vinyl chloride
  • arsenic

very poor: aggressive, easily metastasize through lymphatics and blood

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8
Q

molecular pathogenesis of Colorectal cancer

  • which gene(s) is(are) tumor suppressor
  • which gene(s) is(are) tumor oncogene
A

APC and p53: tumosuppressor, loss of function

KRAS: oncogene, mutation

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9
Q

pseudocyst is complication of acute pancreatitis. Why is it called pseudocyst?

A

granulation tissue, not epithelium

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10
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia is caused by defect in what embryological step?

A

pleuroperitoneal folds formation

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11
Q

Why estrogen is associated with increased risk for gallstone?

A

estrogen increases HMG-CoA reductase
-> more cholesterol synthesis

in fact, fertility (estrogen) is one of 4 Fs
(Female, Forty age, Family history, Fertility)

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12
Q

What is impaired in Wilson disease as a result of ATP7B mutation?

A

decreased Cu2+ excretion into bile and blood

=> copper accumulating in liver

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13
Q

Leading point of intussusception?

A

Mecekle diverticular and enlarged Peyer’s patch

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14
Q

At which part of gut does intussusception most commonly occur?

A

ileocecal junction

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