GI- FA Flashcards
What is component of black pigmented gall stone? what is most common etiology?
unconjugated bilirubin: thus black
hemolysis
Which nutrition/vitamin is absorbed in each small intestine segment?
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
- duodenum: Fe2+
- jejunum: B9 (folate)
- ileum: B12 (cobalamin)
hepatic adenoma
- symptoms
- common cause
- hepatomegaly, and generalized RUQ pain
- OCP and steroids
Which vitamin is stored in stellate cells in space of Disse in liver?
vitamin A
What parasite is associated with secondary lactose intolerance? what is mechanism?
Giardia causes loss of brush boarder enzymes and blunting of villi
Which cells in liver mediates fibrosis in liver cirrhosis? through what cytokine?
stellate (Ito) cells in the space of Disse
-> releases TGF-beta, which mediates fibrosis
- stellate cells also store vitamin A
List two causes of hepatic angiosarcoma. what is prognosis?
- vinyl chloride
- arsenic
very poor: aggressive, easily metastasize through lymphatics and blood
molecular pathogenesis of Colorectal cancer
- which gene(s) is(are) tumor suppressor
- which gene(s) is(are) tumor oncogene
APC and p53: tumosuppressor, loss of function
KRAS: oncogene, mutation
pseudocyst is complication of acute pancreatitis. Why is it called pseudocyst?
granulation tissue, not epithelium
Diaphragmatic hernia is caused by defect in what embryological step?
pleuroperitoneal folds formation
Why estrogen is associated with increased risk for gallstone?
estrogen increases HMG-CoA reductase
-> more cholesterol synthesis
in fact, fertility (estrogen) is one of 4 Fs
(Female, Forty age, Family history, Fertility)
What is impaired in Wilson disease as a result of ATP7B mutation?
decreased Cu2+ excretion into bile and blood
=> copper accumulating in liver
Leading point of intussusception?
Mecekle diverticular and enlarged Peyer’s patch
At which part of gut does intussusception most commonly occur?
ileocecal junction
