GI Examination

Question 1

What are some GI causes of clubbing?

Answer 1

Malabsorption, Crohn’s and UC, cirrhosis

Question 2

What is the cause of leuconychia?

Answer 2

Hypoalbuminemia

Question 3

What is koilonychia and its cause?

Answer 3

Spooning of nails due to iron, B12 or folate deficiency

Question 4

What are Muehrcke’s lines and their cause?

Answer 4

Hypoalbuminemia

Question 5

What is palmar erythema a sign of?

Answer 5

Chronic liver disease, pregnancy

Question 6

What is Dupuytren’s contracture and what is it a sign of?

Answer 6

Thickening and fibrous contraction of palmar fascia in alcoholic liver disease

Question 7

What can cause a hepatic flap?

Answer 7

Hepatic encephalopathy or uraemia from renal disease

Question 8

What are Kayser-Fleischer rings?

Answer 8

Green-yellow ring at corneal margin seen in Wilson’s disease

Question 9

What is guarding?

Answer 9

Involuntary tensing of abdominal muscles in response to pain or prior to pain

Question 10

What is rebound tenderness?

Answer 10

Greater pain on removing hand than gently depressing abdomen, shows peritoneal inflammation