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Small animal internal medicine II > GI endoscopy: esophago-gastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy > Flashcards

GI endoscopy: esophago-gastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy Flashcards

1
Q

In what step of diagnostics are scopes used?

A

Scopes are used in the 3rd step of diagnostics.

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2
Q

How can scoping cause GDV?

A

Air may be pumped in to get better visualization, it must be aspirated back out at the end of the procedure. Otherwise it can cause GDV.

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3
Q

Describe rigid scopes.

A
  • otoscopy, arthroscopy, cystoscopy, laparoscopy,
    thoracoscopy, vaginoscopy, (less for proximal
    esophagoscopy and distal colonoscopy)
  • telescopes (Hopkins rod lens system)
  • 1….10 mm, 0 degrees or 10-120 degrees
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4
Q

Describe flexible scopes.

A
  • Fiberoptic (fiber bundles), 2.5 mm ….6 mm, 55 ….100 cm
  • Videoscopes (CCD-charge chip), 6 mm…..10 mm
  • GI endoscope: 7.8 ….10 mm, 80…150 cm
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5
Q

What side should the animal lay on for scoping?

A

on the left side so that the pylorus has more space to expand during the scoping

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6
Q

ESOPHAGO-GASTRODUODENOSCOPes can be used to make diagnoses on what organs?

A
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
    (duodenum, proximal ileum)
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7
Q

ESOPHAGO-GASTRODUODENOSCOPY
can be used to TREAT what (3)

A
  • Foreign body
  • Strictures
  • Tube placement
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8
Q

Usefulness of esophago-gastroduodenoscopy. (5)

A

▪ Mucosa (direct)
▪ Intestinal wall (indirect)
▪ Biopsy (histology/microbiology)

▪ Differentiate (inflammation/tumor/anomaly)
▪ Influence: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment

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9
Q

How many individual biopsies should you take from each separate GI organ?

A

6-8

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10
Q

Length of fast for gastroscopy?

A

12h for most
14-16h for brachys

24 hours in certain cases

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11
Q

gastric biopsies are taken with what instrument

A

with scope forceps that have a biopsy needle in the middle

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12
Q

Restrictions of esophago-gastroduodenoscopy. (4)

A

▪ Peristalsis, secretion
▪ Submucosa/muscularis
▪ Jejunum
▪ Ileum (partly)

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13
Q

Complications of esophago-gastroduodenoscopy. (5)

A

▪ Perforation
▪ GDV
▪ Bleeding
▪ Infection
▪ Aspiration pneumonia

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14
Q

If placing a gastric tube via scope, how do you position your patient?

A

right lateral recumbency

Remember its usually left recumbency for scoping upper GI tract with flexible scope but in this one case its opposite.
Colonscopy in right lateral.

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15
Q

Diffferences between small and large intestine diarrhea.

A
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16
Q

What type of scope do you use for colonscopy and in what position is the patient positioned?

A

Colonoscopy with rigid endoscope – on the right recumbency.

17
Q

Esophago-gastroduodenoscopy indications (6)

A

▪ Regurgitation (permanent)
▪ Vomiting (chronic….blood)

▪ Bleeding
▪ Foreign body

▪ Diarrhea
▪ Unexplainable weight loss/vomiting

18
Q

U/S finding: Gastric and intestinal wall thickening + decrease/loss of layering
DDx:? (2)

A

IBD, Tumor

19
Q

U/S finding: Hyperechogenic overfilled lacteals in intestinal mucosa

DDx:? (3)

A

Obstruction, inflammation, lymphangiectasia

20
Q

When suspecting lymphoma or severe IBD, what should you keep in mind in regard to biopsies?

A

Take biopsies from many organs (triaditis)

Not with lymphangiectasia!

21
Q

With colonscopy you can view (5)

A

Rectum
Colon
Cecum-ileum/ceco-colic orifice
Cecum
Ileum

Can be used to tx (Rare): Strictures, Polyps

22
Q

Indications for colonscopy: (5)

A

▪ Large bowel diarrhea
▪ Melena
▪ Painful defecation
▪ Incontinence
▪ Findings in rectal palpation

23
Q

Patient position for colonscopy.

A

with rigid endoscope in right lateral recumbency

with flexible colonoscope in left lateral recumbency

24
Q

Patient prep for colonscopy. 3+1

A

▪ Liquid foods for 72 h prior
▪ No food: 24-36 h
▪ Warm water enema: 1-2 h

▪ Special oral GI lavage solutions + electrolytes– severe osmotic diarrhea
- NE or OG tubes
- avoid aspiration pneumonia

25
Q

Anesthesia for GI endoscopy?

A

Always intubated and on gas anesthesia.

Risk of aspiration and pneumonia!

26
Q

1st step of GI endoscopy?

A

Insufflate (blow air via scope) before entering the esophagus.

And ALWAYS remove the insufflated air at the end!

27
Q

Positioning for the following procedures:
▪ Esophago-gastroduodenoscopy + colonoscopy with flexible endoscope – in ? recumbency

▪ Endoscopic placement of gastric tube – in ?

▪ Colonoscopy with rigid endoscope – in ?

▪ Removing the esophageal foreign body - ?

A

▪ Esophago-gastroduodenoscopy + colonoscopy with flexible endoscope – in left lateral recumbency

▪ Endoscopic placement of gastric tube – in right lateral

▪ Colonoscopy with rigid endoscope – in right lateral

▪ Removing the esophageal foreign body - head/neck dorsally

28
Q

Contraindications to esophago-gastroduodenoscopy. (3)

A

▪ If cannot undergo anesthesia
▪ Clotting disorders
▪ Perforated intestine

Small animal internal medicine II (15 decks)

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