GI Emergencies

Question 1

What’s Trancheoesophageal Fistula ( T e f)

Answer 1

A tracheoesophageal fistula
(TEF) is a connection between
the esophagus and the trachea.
• Congenital or acquired

Question 2

What is Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 2

Generalized inflammation of the 
colon 
• Causes a thinning of the 
intestinal wall and a weakened 
rectum 
• Signs and symptoms may include:
• Gradual onset of bloody diarrhea
• Hematochezia
• Mild to severe abdominal pain
• Skin lesions

Question 3

What’s Crohn’s Disease

Answer 3

• A series of attacks leaves a 
scarred, narrowed, and 
weakened portion of the 
small intestine.
• Can cause bowel obstruction 
and fistula
Signs and symptoms may include:
• Rectal bleeding
• Weight loss
• Skin disorders

Question 4

What are the 4 types of Intestinal obstructions

Answer 4

Herniation
Adhesion
Intussuscepticon
volvulus

Question 5

What are the 4 types of Rectal Abscess

Answer 5

Anal fissure
Anal vein thrombosis
Anal Abscess
Procititis

Question 6

what are the 4 types of hernias

Answer 6

Reducible
Incarcerated
strangulated
Incisional

Question 7

Characteristics of Reducible hernia

Answer 7

Reducible
• Will return to normal location either spontaneously or by
manual manipulation
• Patient experiences little discomfort.

Question 8

Characteristics of Incarcerated Hernia

Answer 8

Incarcerated
• Organ is trapped in its new location
• Common problem is bowel obstruction

Question 9

Characteristics of strangulated hernia

Answer 9

Strangulated
• Intestine is trapped and squeezed, causing a lack of
blood supply to the area
• Patient experiences severe pain and sepsis

Question 10

Characteristic of Incisional Hernia

Answer 10

Incisional
• Intestinal contents herniate through a surgical incision
• Similar to evisceration

Question 11

whats Dunphy sign

Answer 11

Severe abdominal pain in the

right lower quadrant with coughing

Question 12

What’s Rousing sign

Answer 12

Pain in the right lower
abdominal quadrant upon palpation of the
left lower abdominal quadrant

Question 13

substances of upper GI Bleed

Answer 13

Melena

Hematemesis

Question 14

Substances of Lower GI Bleed

Answer 14

Hematochezia

Question 15

What is Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

Answer 15

Junction between the esophagus
and the stomach tears.
• Generally due to severe vomiting

Question 16

What is Boerhaave Syndrome

Answer 16

• Tear travels through wall of
esophagus, creating a hole.
• Presents with upper chest pain;
very little bleeding.

Question 17

What is Esophagogastric Varices

Answer 17

• Caused by pressure increases in blood vessels 
surrounding the esophagus and stomach
Blood backs up into the portal vessels.
• Initial presentation 
• Fatigue
• Jaundice
• Anorexia
• Pruritus
• Abdominal pain

Question 18

What is cholangitis

Answer 18

Inflamation of Bile duct

Question 19

what is cholelithiasis

Answer 19

stones in the gallbladder

Question 20

What is cholecystitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 21

What is Acalculus cholecystitis

Answer 21

Gallbladder inflammation without gallstones

Question 22

what is cirrhosis

Answer 22

early liver failure

has two stages

Question 23

what is Diverticulum

Answer 23

weak are of the colon that begins to create diverticula

Question 24

What is diverticulosis

Answer 24

condition of having diverticula

Question 25

what is Diverticulitis

Answer 25

Inflamation of the diverticuli

Question 26

What is Grey-Turner sign

Answer 26

Bruising on the Flank

Question 27

What is Cullen sign

Answer 27

Bruising on the belly button

Question 28

What is Mesenteric Ischemia

Answer 28

Interruption of the blood supply to the Mesentery Artery