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3 Pharm Unit > GI drugs II > Flashcards

GI drugs II Flashcards

1
Q

Methylcellulose

A
  • bulk forming laxative
  • Non digestible fiber bulk induces peristalsis
  • absorbs other drugs, worsens bowel obstructions.
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2
Q

Polycarbophil

A
  • bulk forming laxative
  • Non digestible fiber bulk induces peristalsis
  • absorbs other drugs, worsens bowel obstructions.
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3
Q

psylium

A
  • bulk forming laxative
  • Non digestible fiber bulk induces peristalsis
  • absorbs other drugs, worsens bowel obstructions.
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4
Q

Bismuth subsalicyclate

A
  • antidiarrheal agent (pepto bismol)
  • mechanism not understood
  • Naturally pink/safe.
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5
Q

diphenoxylate

A
  • antidiarrheal agent
  • opioid with CNS effects
  • packaged with atropine to discourage abuse.
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6
Q

loperamine

A
  • antidiarrheal agent
  • opioid WITHOUT CNS effects
  • 50x more powerful than morphine
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7
Q

octreotide (AKA Somatostatin)

A
  • antidiarrheal agent
  • inhibits gastrin and serotonin decreasing motility
  • used for: tumors
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8
Q

chlorpromazine

A

-anti nausea/antiemetic agent
-D2 and H1 antagonist in CTZ
-effective: motion sickness, chemotherapy.
-may cause parkinson like symptoms
(not as effective as metoclopramide for chemotherapy induced nausea)

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9
Q

cyclizine

A
  • antiemetic agent
  • H1 receptor antagonist
  • useful with abdominal cancer patients
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10
Q

dimenhydrinate

A
  • antiemetic agent (Dramamine)

- H1 receptor blocker

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11
Q

dolasetron

A
  • antiemetic agent
  • 5HT receptor antagonist which prevents CTZ and STN stimulation.
  • 8 hours
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12
Q

hydroxyzine

A
  • antiemetic agent

- H1 receptor antagonist

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13
Q

granisetron

A
  • antiemetic agent
  • 5HT receptor antagonist which prevents CTZ and STN stimulation.
  • 10 hours
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14
Q

metoclopramide

A
  • antiemetic agent
  • dopamine receptor antagonist
  • Chemo induced nausea, antiphychotic agent.
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15
Q

ondansetron

A
  • antiemetic agent
  • 5HT receptor antagonist which prevents CTZ and STN stimulation.
  • 4 hours
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16
Q

palonosetron

A

-antiemetic agent
-5HT receptor antagonist which prevents CTZ and STN stimulation.
-40 hours and parenteral only.
(unique b/c excreted both by liver and kidney unlike the other emetics which are only liver)

17
Q

prochlorperazine

A
  • anti nausea/antiemetic agent
  • D2 and H1 antagonist in CTZ
  • effective: motion sickness, chemotherapy.
  • may cause parkinson like symptoms
18
Q

promethazine

A
  • anti nausea/antiemetic agent
  • -H1 receptor antagonist
  • widely used for post op emesis and motion sickness.
19
Q

scopalamine

A
  • antiemetic agent
  • Muscarinic Ach antagonist that acts primarily on the vestibular apparatus (inner ear)
  • Very effective for short term motion sickness
  • may cause uncontrolled behavior.
20
Q

apomorphine

A
  • emetic agent (dopamine agonist)
  • acts locally and on CTZ
  • only given sub Q, replaced by charcoal.
21
Q

ipecac

A
  • emetic agent
  • acts on CTZ
  • replaced by charcoal.
22
Q

6-mercaptopurine

A
  • bowel disease
  • Prevents DNA synthesis (converted to 6-thioguanine)
  • used with UC and Crohn’s for remission, also for fistulas, can cause pancreatitis and bone marrow suppression.
23
Q

adalimumab

A
  • bowel disease
  • Anti TNF antibodies
  • Mantain UC and Crohn remission, increased risk for upper respiratory tract infections.
24
Q

alosetron

A
  • bowel disease
  • 5HT3 antagonist
  • used to treat diarrhea. (recall serotonin speeds up intestinal transit time)
25
Q

azathioprine

A
  • bowel disease
  • Prevents DNA synthesis (converted to 6-thioguanine)
  • used with UC and Crohn’s for remission, also for fistulas, can cause pancreatitis and bone marrow suppression.
26
Q

budesonide

A
  • Glucocorticoid (topical inside bowel)
  • inhibit immune and inflammatory response.
  • not absorbed from GI
27
Q

infliximab

A
  • bowel disease
  • Anti TNF antibodies (Humanized mouse antibody)
  • Mantain UC and Crohn remission, increased risk for upper respiratory tract infections.
28
Q

mesalamine

A
  • IBD treatment (UC and Crohn’s)
  • (AKA 5 amino salicylic acid)
  • active component that acts by decreasing TNF alpha activity.
  • activated in small intestine, may cause nephritis
29
Q

olsalazine

A
  • IBD treatment (UC and Crohn’s)
  • Inactive precursor converted to MESALAMINE which act by decreasing TNF alpha activity.
  • active in colon only
30
Q

prednisone

A
  • Glucocorticoid
  • decrease immune and inflammation response
  • cushing syndrome.
31
Q

sulfasalazine

A
  • IBD treatment (UC and crohn’s)
  • Inactive precursor converted to MESALAMINE which act by decreasing TNF alpha activity.
  • active in colon, sulfa side effects, do not us in pregnancy.
32
Q

Bisacodyl

A

-irritant laxative
-acts on small intestine to increase motility
-

33
Q

castor oil

A
  • irritant laxative
  • smooth muscle stimulant in the small intestine.
  • Low dose=laxative, High=cathartic
34
Q

glycerin

A
  • irritant laxative

- evacuation reflex

35
Q

Docusate

A
  • stool wetting agent
  • surfactant that allows mixing of fat and water in stools.
  • soften but do not increase frequency
36
Q

lactulose

A
  • osmotic cathartic/laxative
  • Non absorbable agents (pull water into lumen)
  • Use: opioid and vincristine induced
  • Avoid: renal & cardiac disease
37
Q

mannitol

A
  • osmotic cathartic/laxative
  • Non absorbable agents (pull water into lumen)
  • Use: opioid and vincristine induced
  • Avoid: renal & cardiac disease
38
Q

sorbitol

A
  • osmotic cathartic/laxative
  • Non absorbable agents (pull water into lumen)
  • Use: opioid and vincristine induced constipation
  • Avoid: renal & cardiac disease
39
Q

Diphenhydramine

A
  • antiemetic (benedryl)
  • H1 receptor antagonist
  • dosed as DIPHENHYDRINATE salt for dramamine.

3 Pharm Unit (3 decks)

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