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GI and Liver > GI drugs > Flashcards

GI drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of acetylcholine antagonists

A
  • Atropine

- Aminopentamide

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2
Q

Acetylcholine antagonists indication

A
  • Empiric treatment of diarrhea
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3
Q

Examples of opioids used for diarrhea

A
  • Paregoric
  • Diphenoxylate
  • Loperamide
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4
Q

Caution for acetylcholine antagonists

A
  • Abolish both peristaltic and segmental contractions and can contribute to an eileus like condition
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5
Q

Which antidiarrheal drugs are considered most effective?

A
  • Opioids
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6
Q

What are opioids used for in context of diarrhea?

A
  • Empiric treatment of diarrhea
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7
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor examples

A
  • Ranitidine

- Nizatidine

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8
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor indications

A
  • Enhance intestinal motility

- Often used for improving motility in cats, as cisapride (first choice generally) has been taken off the market)

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9
Q

Motilin analog drug examples

A
  • Erythromycin
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10
Q

Motilin analog indication

A
  • Enhance PROXIMAL intestinal motility
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11
Q

Dopaminergic antagonist drug example

A
  • Metoclopramide

- Domperidone

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12
Q

Dopaminergic antagonist indication

A
  • Enhance intestinal motility (particularly to enhance gastric emptying)
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13
Q

Serotonergic agonist/antagonist examples

A
  • Cisapride
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14
Q

Serotonergic agonist/antagonist indication

A
  • Enhance intestinal motility
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15
Q

Where do metoclopramide, chlorpomazine, and prochlorperazine work as anti-emetics and what is MOA?

A
  • D2 dopaminergic antagonists

- CRTZ, GI smooth muscle

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16
Q

Where do dimenhydrinate and diphenhydramine work as anti-emetics and what is MOA?

A
  • H1 histaminergic antagonists

CRTZ, vestibular apparatus

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17
Q

Where do Chlorpromazine and prochloerpazine work as anti-emetics, and what is MOA?

A
  • H1 histaminergic antagonists

(CRTZ, vestibular apparatus)

  • Also alpha 2 adrenergic antagonists (CRTZ, vomiting center)
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18
Q

Where do Ondansetron and dolasetron work as anti-emetics, and what is MOA?

A
  • 5HT3 serotonergic antagonists (CRTZ, vagal afferent neurons)
  • Good class to reduce cisplatin-induced emesis
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19
Q

Where do does cerenia work as an anti-emetic, and what is MOA?

A
  • Neurokinin (NK1) receptor antagonist in the emetic center
  • Most potent anti-emetic drugs with applications ranging from motion sickness, visceral disease to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
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20
Q

Indication for prednisone/prednisolone

A
  • Immunosuppression
21
Q

Indication for methylprednisone

A
  • Immunosuppression
22
Q

Indication for chlorambucil

A

Immunosuppression

23
Q

Indication for metronidazole

A

Immunosuppression (and anti-diarrheal)

24
Q

Indication for azathioprine

A

Immunosuppression

25
Q

Adverse effects of azathioprine

A
  • Induction of cytopenias, so monitor a CBC in the first 6-8 weeks of therapy and d/c drug if decreases in cell lines are seen
  • Also incriminated as a cause of pancreatitis in dogs
26
Q

How long does it take azathioprine benefits to be seen?

A
  • ~2 weeks or more
27
Q

Indication for cyclosporine

A

Immunosuppression

28
Q

Indication for leflunomide

A

Immunosuppression

limited information regarding use in dogs or cats with IBD

29
Q

Indication for mycophenolic acid

A

Immunosuppression

limited information regarding use in dogs or cats with IBD

30
Q

As a summary, which drugs can be used for immunosuppression

A
  • Prednisone/prednisolone
  • Metronidazole
  • Methylprednisone
  • Azathioprine
  • Mycophenolic acid
  • Leflunomide
  • Cyclosporine
  • Chlorambucil
31
Q

Which drugs can be used for local-anti-inflammatory for colitis?

A
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Olsalazine
  • Mesalamine
32
Q

Sulfasalazine side effects

A
  • Keratoconjunctivitis sicca has been observed in dogs treated with this drug; must be used with caution in cats
  • Monitor tear production in dogs
  • Has to do with the sulfa moiety
33
Q

Dichlorvos spectrum

A
  • Ascarids, hookworms, whipworms at higher doses
34
Q

Fenbendazole spectrum

A
  • Ascarids, hookworms, whipworms
35
Q

Ivermectin and related spectrum

A
  • Ascarids, hookworms, whipworms at higher doses
36
Q

Milbemycin spectrum

A
  • Ascarids, hookworms, whipworms
37
Q

Pyrantel pamoate spectrum

A
  • Ascarids and hookworms
38
Q

Praziquantel spectrum

A
  • Cestodes
39
Q

Which drugs are H2 receptor antagonists?

A
  • Cimetidine
  • Ranitidine
  • Famotidine
  • Nizatidine
40
Q

Function of H2 receptor antagonists

A
  • Decrease gastric acid secretion, but less effective in general than PPI
41
Q

Cimetidine drug interactions

A
  • Inhibits cytochrome p450

- Use with caution in patients receiving other drugs, especially that undergo hepatic metabolism

42
Q

Ranitidine and niazatidine additional effects

A
  • Some anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and so have promotility effects in the GIT
43
Q

Which drugs are the H+/K+ ion pump inhibitors and what’s the difference between the two?

A
  • Omeprazole

- Pantoprazole (can be given IV)

44
Q

MOA of sucralfate

A
  • Can bind ulcerated gastric or duodenal mucosa
45
Q

MOA of misoprostol

A
  • PGE1 analog

- Gastric cytoprotection (increase/preserve mucosal blood flow, enhance mucus secretion, etc.)

46
Q

What is MOA of bisacodyl, docusate sodium, and lactulose?

A
  • Laxative/stool softener
47
Q

Which drugs can be used for pro-motility?

A
  • Erythromycin
  • Ranitidine, nizatidine
  • Cisapride
48
Q

Erythromycin pro-motility dose

A
  • Lower than for antimicrobial benefits
49
Q

Cisapride special considerations

A
  • Has to be compounded as it is no longer commercially available for human use

GI and Liver (3 decks)

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