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pharmacology > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q 
Gastric acid secretion has been shown to be most effectively reduced with the use of: 
o	Adrenal stenosis
o	Anticholinergic drugs
o	Serotonin antagonists
o	H1 receptor antagonists
o	H2 receptor antagonists
A

H2 receptor antagonists

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2
Q 
Which is an H2 receptor antagonist?
o	Cimetidine
o	Tripelennamine
o	Promethazine
o	Diphenhydramine
o	Chlorpheniramine
A

Cimetidine

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of drugs used to treat PUD?

A

Drugs that increase the pH of the stomach
Sucralfate
Cytotec (prostaglandin analog)
Antibiotics

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4
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

Class: Proton pump inhibitor

Mechanism of action: Covalently bind to Na-K-ATPase (proton pump)

Indication: takes couple weeks to start working and its addictive

Pharmacological effects: inc pH of stomach

How this drug might effect dental treatment of patient
oAdverse effects you have to consider:

oContraindicated drugs:

oContraindications:

oWhich analgesic can the patient take

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5
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A

Class: H2 receptor antagonists

Mechanism of action: competitive inhibitor of histamine 2 receptor.

Indication:

Pharmacological effects:Blocks gastric acid secretion

How this drug might effect dental treatment of patient
oAdverse effects you have to consider:

oContraindicated drugs:

oContraindications:

oWhich analgesic can the patient take

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6
Q

Magnesium salts (milk of magnesia)

A

Class: antacids, osmotic laxative

Mechanism of action: buffer gastric HCl, dec pepsin activity and inc prostaglandin production
Also increases water content of feces and intestinal lumen

oContraindicated drugs: dec antibiotic action

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7
Q

Sucralfate (Carafate)

A

Class: Gastro-protective. aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose

Mechanism of action: forms viscous suspensin that binds at ulcer site, maintains mucosal vascular integrity and blood flow

Indication: not absorbed from GI tract so very safe, even prego women can take it
Pharmacological effects:

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8
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

Class: Prostaglandin analog

Mechanism of action: Agonists at PGE2 and PGI2 receptors

Indication: only used in chronic nsaid therapy: history of PUD, on anticoagulant, over 60yrs, poor surgical risk

Pharmacological effects: Only moderately effective
How this drug might effect dental treatment of patient
oAdverse effects you have to consider:

oContraindicated drugs:

oContraindications:

oWhich analgesic can the patient take

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9
Q

What 4 types of drugs are used to treat GERD?

A

Drugs that inc pH of stomach
Sucralfate
Alginic Acid
Motility promoting drugs

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10
Q

Alka-Seltzer

A

Class: Alginic Acid

Mechanism of action: reacts with sodium bicarb to form sodium alginate, gastric pH causes alginate to precipitate which floats on the surface of gastric contents

Indication:
Pharmacological effects: forms neutral barrier btwn stomach and esophagus

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11
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Class: Central dopamine receptor antagonist

Mechanism of action: contraction of gastric muscle, relax of pyloric and duodenal segments, inc peristalsis

Indication: GERD, also as an anti-emetic
Pharmacological effects:
How this drug might effect dental treatment of patient
oAdverse effects you have to consider: dry mouth, nausea

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12
Q

Analgesics while on GERD drugs

A

 Aspirin is contraindicated
 NSAIDS used cautiously
 Acetaminophen is best

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13
Q

Anti-emetic drugs

A

Dopamine receptor antagonists
Antihistamines
5-HT3 Antagonists

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14
Q

Prochlorperazine (Compazine)

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Class: Dopamine receptor antagonists

Mechanism of action: inhibit stimulation of CTZ

Indication:
Pharmacological effects:
How this drug might effect dental treatment of patient
oAdverse effects you have to consider:

oContraindicated drugs:

oContraindications:

oWhich analgesic can the patient take

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15
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Promethazine (Phenergan)

A

Class: Antihistamines

Mechanism of action:
Indication: combined sedative and antemetic effects
Pharmacological effects:
oAdverse effects you have to consider: dry mouth

oContraindicated drugs:

oContraindications:

oWhich analgesic can the patient

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16
Q

Zofran (Ondansetron

A

Class: 5-HT3 Antagonists

Mechanism of action: antagonize: receptors in CTZ, GI afferent fibers, cerebral cortex, autonomic neurons in periphery

Indication: chemo, opiate induced nausea

Pharmacological effects: highly effective with few side effects

17
Q

Laxative drugs

A

Magnesium salts
bulk laxatives
Docusate (Colace)
Senna

18
Q

Metamucil

A

Class: bulk laxatives
Mechanism of action: Methylcellulose absorbs water and expands, inc pressure stimulates reflex peristalsis, inc water content softens stool

19
Q

Docusate (Colace)

A

Class: anionic surfactant (detergent)
Mechanism of action: lower the surface tension and allowing intestinal fluids to penetrate the fecal mass
Indication:
Pharmacological effects:
How this drug might effect dental treatment of patient
oAdverse effects you have to consider:

oContraindicated drugs:

oContraindications:

oWhich analgesic can the patient

20
Q

Senna

A

Class: stimulant laxative
Mechanism of action: inc mucosal permeability, resulting in movement of fluid across the intestinal lumen
Indication:
Pharmacological effects:
How this drug might effect dental treatment of patient
oAdverse effects you have to consider: diarrhea, dependence

21
Q

Drugs to treat diarrhea

A

Attapulgite
Opiate anti-diarrhea agents
Bentyl

22
Q

Attapulgite (Kaopectate)

A

Class: hydrated magnesium aluminum silicate

Mechanism of action: absorbs 8times its weight in water

23
Q

Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)

A

Class: Opiate anti-diarrhea agents, narcotic derivatives not narcotics
Mechanism of action:
Indication:
Pharmacological effects:
How this drug might effect dental treatment of patient
oAdverse effects you have to consider: drwosiness, dry mouth, gingival swelling

oContraindicated drugs:

oContraindications:

oWhich analgesic can the patient

24
Q

Loperamide (Imodium D)

A

Class: Opiate anti-diarrhea agents, narcotic derivatives not narcotics

Mechanism of action:
Indication: less adverse effects bc doesnt cross blood-brain barrier

25
Q

Bentyl (Dicyclomine)

A

Class: Anti-spasmatic
Mechanism of action: blocks action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands in the CNS
Indication: IBS

pharmacology (15 decks)

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