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Pharmacology III > GI drugs > Flashcards

GI drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

A

increases gastric motility causing DIARRHEA

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2
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide

A

relaxes small muscle causing CONSTIPATION

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3
Q

Antacids

A

inorganic base that neutralizes acid and forms salts
HIGH DRUG INTERACTIONS
Food prolongs effects, low systemic absorption

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4
Q

Antacids decrease absorption of

A

iron, theophylline, isoniazide, quinolones, ketoconazole

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5
Q

Antacids decrease bioavailability of

A

pheytoin, digitalis, propranolol

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6
Q

Antacids increase elimination of

A

phenobarbital, salicylates

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7
Q

H2 blockers

A

-tidine

Decrease NOCTURNAL acid formation, pre-op decrease in stomach acid, prevents stress ulcers

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8
Q

SE of Cimetidine

A

INHIBITS CYP3A4
LOTS OF DRUG INTERACTIONS
warfarin, phenytoin, benzos, etc
Chronic high doses=anti androgen effects

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9
Q

PPIs

A

-prazole
irreversibly bind and inhibit H-K-ATPase pump in the parietal cells of stomach
Prevent NSAID ulcers
PRODRUGS, plasma decreases but effect wears on (regardless of when taken)
FEW SE, but may need to supplement Ca2+

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10
Q

Sucralfate

A

Cytoprotectant
Use: Ulcers
TAKE BEFORE MEAL with NO ANTACIDS
SE: Constipation

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11
Q

Misoprostol

A

PG analogue cytoprotectant
Ulcer prevetion with NSAID use
CI IN PREGNANCY (used for abortion)

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12
Q

Tritec

A

bismuth salicylate+metronidazole+tetracycline

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13
Q

Helidac

A

Ranitidine+bismuch citrate+clarithromycin

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14
Q

Bethanacol

A

Muscarinic agonist to increase GI tone and motility
POST-OP ILEUS AND INCREASE LES TONE!
SE: Cramping, muscarinic effects
NO CNS EFFECTS

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15
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

DA receptor antagonist to block ACh in GI to increase motility and tone in UGI
ANTIEMETIC
SE: Parkinson-like, EPS, depression, anxiety
METHYLGLOBINEMIA IN NEONATES
DON’T USE IN PGN!

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16
Q

Erythromycin

A

DOC diabetic gastroparesis

17
Q

Glycopyrrolate

Dicyclomine

A

ANTISPASMODICS
Anti-muscarinics used to block vagal input
Decrease intestinal activity and cramping/spasms
SE: ANTICHOLINERGIC TOXIDROME

18
Q

Alosetron

A

DO NOT USE! Strictly regulated

19
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Anticholinergic effect
Use: IBS to decrease spasticity
SE: MANY!!

20
Q

-Setron

Ondansetron=Zofran

A

SELECTIVE 5-HT blocker to the CTZ and GI
ANTIEMETIC
Useful for everything but motion sickness n/v
SE: HA, constipation

21
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan)

Prochlorperazine (Compazine)

A

Block DA, muscarinic, and histamine receptors
Use: Post-op nausea, etc INCLUDING MOTION SICKNESS
SE: SEDATION (usually not a terrible thing)

22
Q

Dronabinol

A

THC compound

Anti-emetic

23
Q

Bulk fiber laxatives

A

increase bulk of feces– DRINK PLENTY OF WATER

SE: Flatulence; impaction and obstruction w/o adequate water

24
Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative

Ion trapping of ammonia (into ammonium in GI) to help decrease NH4 in cirrhosis patients

25
Q

Polyethylene glycol

A

GoLytely, Miralax
PREP FOR COLONOSCOPY
NG or oral

26
Q

Sorbitol

Mannitol

A

Not used anymore but overuse can cause diarrhea

27
Q

Senna

A

Irritant laxative, stimulate peristalsis to enhance secretion and absorption of water
very mild

28
Q

Biscodyl

A

Irritant laxative

inhibits absorption of water and stimulates peristalsis

29
Q

Castor oil

A

irritant laxative

DON’T USE IN PGN- VERY INTENSE! Requires bile for excretion– don’t use with obstruction

30
Q

Mineral oil
Docusate sodium
Glycerin

A

Not very effective as laxatives, act more as stool softeners

Docusate sodium=emulsifying agent

31
Q

Lubiprostone

A

PG E1 derivative
increases intestinal secretions to increase motility
Stool softener, does not alter serum electrolytes
DOES NOT PRODUCE TOLERANCE

32
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

DOES NOT WORK VIA COX, requires colonic bacterial activation

USED FOR UC

33
Q

Bulk forming laxatives

A

First line treatment for diarrhea

34
Q

Loperamide (imodium)

A

Opioid analogue to decrease peristalsis

OTC, no CNS effect so low abuse potential

35
Q

Diphenoxylate + Atropine (Lomotil)

A

Some CNS effect but decreased with atropine combo

36
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto)

A

Traveler’s diarrhea
absorbs excess water, may absorb toxins and destroy pathogens– salicylate may inhibit PG synthesis to decrease secretion and inflammation
Produces BLACK STOOL (sometimes)

37
Q

Contraindications to opioid anti-diarrheal use:

A

1) due to organisms
2) UC
3) opioid abuse history

Pharmacology III (7 decks)

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