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OTC > GI disorders > Flashcards

GI disorders Flashcards

1
Q

location of discomfort in heartburn

A

behind the breastbone (substernal area)

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2
Q

Physiological cause of heartburn

A

gastric acid flowing back into the esophagus

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3
Q

Physiological cause of acid indigestion

A

excessive HCl in the stomach

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4
Q

Location of discomfort with acid indigestion

A

upper portion of the stomach (epigastric area)

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5
Q

Exclusions to self-care for heartburn

A
  1. alarm symptms
  2. GERD
  3. > 2 wks on OTC product
  4. Already on meds of heartburn
  5. On chronic NSAIDs
  6. Severe symptoms, including nocturnal symptoms
  7. GI bleeding
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6
Q

MOA of antacids

A

neutralize gastric acid and increase pH of gastric contents

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7
Q

Increasing potency and antacids

A

aluminum salts

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8
Q

Onset of action for antacids

A

5-30 minutes

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9
Q

FDA approved indications for antacids

A

heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach and overindulgence of food/drink

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10
Q

Most common AE of aluminum antacids

A

constipation

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11
Q

Most common AE with magnesium antacids

A

diarrhea

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12
Q

AEs with sodium bicarbonate

A
  1. weight gain, water retention and sodium overload

2. Milk-alkali syndrome (bones, stones and psychotic overtones)

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13
Q

Optimal time to take antacids

A

1 hour after meals

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14
Q

1st line OTC heartburn medication in pregnancy due to historical use

A

Antacids

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15
Q

Antacid to avoid in pregnancy due to fluid overload

A

sodium bicarbonate

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16
Q

Minimum age for H2 receptor antagonists

A

12 y/o

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17
Q

Indication of PPIs

A

Treatment of frequent heartburn (not for prevention or episodic heartburn)

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18
Q

Minimum age for PPIs

A

18 y/o

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19
Q

Onset to max clinical effect for PPIs

A

1-4 days

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20
Q

Ingredient fount in combo with sodium bicarbonate that is listed as an inactive ingrediant but in the presence of saliva, reacts with sodium bicarbonate and protects lining of the esophagus

A

alginic acid

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21
Q

Minimum age for bismuth subsalicylate

A

12 y/o

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22
Q

Age at which heartburn/acid indigestion should be refered

A
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23
Q

Frequency and duration for heartburn to qualify as GERD

A

2 or more days per week for 3 or more months

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24
Q

MOA of simethicone

A

decreases surface tension of gas bubbles so they are broken up

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25
Q

Indication of alpha-galactosidase

A

Prevention of intestinal gas

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26
Q

Indication of simethicone

A

Relieve painful symptoms of excess gas

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27
Q

Minimum age for galactosidase

A

12 y/o

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28
Q

Suggested daily dietary fiber intake for adults 50 or less

A

38 g men, 25 g women

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29
Q

Suggested daily dietary fiber intake for adults >50

A

30 g men, 21 g women

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30
Q

Suggested daily fiber intake for kids 1-3 y/o

A

19 g

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31
Q

Suggested daily fiber intake for kids 4-8

A

25 g

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32
Q

Suggested daily fiber intake for kids 9-13

A

31 g boys, 26 g girls

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33
Q

Suggested daily fiber intake for kids 14-18 y/o

A

38 g boys, 2 g girls

34
Q

Maximum time for self-care for constipation

A

1 week

35
Q

Min age for FiberCon

A

12 y/o

36
Q

Minimum age for Metamucil and Citrucel

A

6 y/o

37
Q

3 common bulk-forming fiber laxatives

A

Psyllium, Methylcellulose, Calcium polycarbophil

38
Q

2 fecal stool softeners

A

docusate sodium and docusate calcium

39
Q

Onset of action of docusate products

A

24-72 hours

40
Q

Min age for docusate

A

6 y/o

41
Q

Only available lubricant laxative

A

Mineral oil

42
Q

Onset of action of mineral oil

A

6-8 hrs (oral,), 5-15 min (rectal)

43
Q

Indication of docusate products

A

Prevention of constipation

44
Q

Min age for mineral oil

A

6 y/o

45
Q

3 common saline laxatives

A

magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide, sodium phosphate

46
Q

Onset of action of saline laxatives

A

30 min - 6 hrs (oral), 2-5 min (rectal)

47
Q

Min age for saline laxatives

A

2 y/o (rectal), 5 y/o (oral)

48
Q

2 hyperosmolar laxatives

A

glycerin, polyethylene glycol (PEG)

49
Q

Onset of action of glycerin

A

15min- 1hr

50
Q

Onset of action of PEG

A

12-72 hrs

51
Q

Min age for glycerin

A

2 y/o

52
Q

Min age for OTC PEG

A

17 y/o

53
Q

2 stimulant laxatives

A

senna, bisacodyl

54
Q

Onset of action of senna

A

6-24 hrs

55
Q

Onset of action for bisacodyl

A

6-10 hrs (oral), 15-60 min (rectal)

56
Q

Min age for stimulant laxatives

A

2 y/o (caution

57
Q

Min age for self-care of hemorrhoids

A

12 y/o

58
Q

Max duration of hemorrhoid for self-care

A

7 days

59
Q

vasoconstrictor used for the treatment of internal and external hemorrhoids

A

phenylephrine

60
Q

protectant that can only be used to treat external hemorroids, not internal

A

glycerin

61
Q

10 protectants that can be used to treat both internal and external hemorroids

A

aluminum hydroxide, cocoa butter, kaolin, lanolin, mineral oil, white petroleum, shark liver oil, zinc oxide, topical starch, cod liver oil

62
Q

2 astringents that can be used for both internal and external hemorroids

A

calamine and zinc oxide

63
Q

Astringent that can be used for external hemorrhoids only

A

witch hazel

64
Q

Max duration of use of OTCs for diarrhea

A

2 days

65
Q

Organism commonly associated with protozoal infections

A

giardia

66
Q

3 classifications of mild diarrhea

A
  1. 3 or less stools/day
  2. low grade fever
  3. normal BP and pulse
67
Q

3 classifications of moderate diarrhea

A
  1. 4-5 stools/day
  2. fever >101
  3. mild orthostatic BP and pulse changes
68
Q

5 classifications of severe fever

A
  1. 6 or more stools/day
  2. fever >101
  3. low BP, dizziness
  4. > 9% weight loss
  5. severe abdominal pain
69
Q

Duration that qualifies as persistent diarrhea (not a candidate for self-care)

A

14 days - 4 wks

70
Q

Duration that qualifies as chronic diarrhea (Not a candidate for self-care)

A

> 4wks

71
Q

Min age for self-care diarrhea treatment

A

6 y/o, or any kid with fever >101 and diarrhea

72
Q

Amount of rehydration for mild diarrhea for patients 5 or younger

A

50 mL/kg over 4 hrs

73
Q

Amount of rehydration for mild diarrhea for >5 y/o

A

2 L over 4 hrs

74
Q

Amount of rehydration for moderate diarrhea for 5 y/o or less

A

100 mL/kg over4 hrs

75
Q

Amount of rehydration for moderate diarrhea for >5 y/o

A

2-4 L over 4 hrs

76
Q

Maintenance fluids for mild/moderate diarrhea for 5 y/o or younger

A

10 mL/kg or 0.5-1 cups/stool

77
Q

Maintenance fluids for mild/moderate diarrhea for >5 y/o

A

replace losses

78
Q

Max amount of loperamide/day

A

6 tabs/day

79
Q

Dosing for lopiramide

A

4 mg initially then 2 mg after each loose stool

80
Q

Min age for loperamide use

A

6 y/o (but caution in kids due to AEs)

81
Q

Min age for use of bismuth subsalicylate

A

12 y/o

82
Q

2 main drug interactions with bismuth subsalicylate

A

warfarin, tetracyclines

OTC (4 decks)

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