gi disorders Flashcards

Question

PUD classification - Duodenal ulcer

Answer 1

``` ***Most common type Age – any; early adulthood Gastric/peptic ulcer Age – peak 50 - 70 Why? Increased use of NSAIDS, corticosteroids, anticoagulants and more likely to have serious systemic illnesses ```

Answer 2

``` Sometimes none N/V, anorexia Weight loss Bleeding Burning Pain - in middle of abdomen that is usually worse when the stomach is empty ```

Answer 3

burning, cramping, gas-like epigastric, back 1-2 hours after eating

Answer 4

burning, cramping, gas-like epigastrium, back ***2-4 hours after eating

Answer 5

timing!! gastric - 1-2 hrs after eating duodenal - 2-4 hrs after eating

Answer 6

``` “HOP” Complications H – Hemorrhage O – Obstruction - scarring tissue bondage P – Perforation and Peritonitis ```

Answer 7

appendicitis peritonitis irritable bowel disorder inflammatory bowel disorder - Crohn's and ulcerative colitis diverticulosis/diverticulitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of the appendix **RLQ pain Etiology Appendix is OBSTRUCTED Leads to INFLAMMATION Complications Gangrene Abscess formation ****PERITONITIS

Answer 9

Classic Pain: RLQ in periumbilical area Rebound Pain Sudden pain relief may indicate rupture - Peritonitis Rebound Pain = Pain is SEVERE after release of palpating hand over the RLQ

Answer 10

Inflammation of the PERITONEUM (abdominal cavity) Serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity & covers visceral organs (like the pleura for lungs)What happens to the peritoneum? - INFLAMMATION - Fluid shifts – THIRD SPACING - Can lead to hypovolemic shock and sepsis DECREASED PERISTALSIS - Can lead to paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction

Answer 11

``` perforated ulcer ruptured gallbladder pancreatitis ruptured spleen ruptured bladder ruptured appendix non-asepsis during peritoneal dialysis ```

Answer 12

``` Usually sudden and severe Abdominal pain* severe ***Tenderness Rigid “board-like” abdomen **hard to touch** N/V ``` ``` Others: Fever Elevated WBC HR _____increased____ BP ____decreased_____ ```

Answer 13

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer 14

Chronic condition characterized by: alterations in bowel pattern due to changes in intestinal motility, Chronic and frequent constipation (IBSC) Chronic and frequent diarrhea (IBSD)

Answer 15

Symptoms: vary by individual Abdominal distension, fullness, flatus, and bloating Intermittent abdominal pain exacerbated by stress and ***RELIEVED BY DEFECATION Bowel urgency Intolerance to certain foods (sorbitol, lactose, gluten) Non-bloody stool that may contain mucous

Answer 16

IBS is almost never the result of primarily psychological causes “Emotional stress did not cause my illness” IBS can be exacerbated by stress “Emotional stress can make my illness worse.” IBS can cause stress and psychological problems “My IBS is stressful to live with and may cause me to have emotional problems.” Cause UNKNOWN but thought to be “triggered” by stress, food, hormone changes, GI infections, menses

Answer 17

A group of life-changing, chronic illnesses TWO SEPARATE DISORDERS: Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Characterized by: Chronic inflammation of the intestines Exacerbation and remissions More common in WOMEN, Caucasians, persons of Jewish descent, and smokers Etiology? Genetically AUTOIMMUNE activated by an infection

Answer 18

Lymph structures of the GI tract are blocked Tissue becomes engorged and inflamed Deep linear FISSURES and ULCERS develop in a ”patchy” pattern in the bowel wall ---SKIP LESIONS---COBBLESTONE APPEARANCE ``` Complications: Malnutrition Anemia Scar tissue and obstructions Fistulas- connections btw 2 structure that's not normal Cancer ```

Answer 19

Crampy lower Abdominal pain (RLQ) Watery diarrhea SYSTEMIC: Weight loss, fatigue, no appetite, fever, malabsorption of nutrients Palpable abdominal mass (RLQ) Mouth ulcers S/S of fistulas - location dependent ***granulomas and skip lesions****

Answer 20

Inflammation of the mucosa of the RECTUM AND COLON Usually develops in the third decade of life More common in white people of European descent, esp. Ashkenazi Jewish descent Occasionally in Black/African Americans Rare in Asians

Answer 21

Inflammation begins in the rectum and extends in a CONTINUOUS segment that may involve the ENTIRE colon Inflammation leads to large ulcerations Necrosis of the epithelial tissue can result abscesses – CRYPT ABSCESSES Colon and rectum try to repair the damage with new granulation tissue Why is this a problem? Tissue is fragile and bleeds easily

Answer 22

Abdominal pain ***Bloody diarrhea - not typical with crohns Systemic: Weight loss, fatigue, no appetite, fever

Answer 23

``` Hemorrhage - bc of new granulation tissue Perforation Cancer Malnutrition Anemia Strictures FISSURES ABSCESSES - rectal, colon, anal TOXIC MEGACOLON – a rapid dilation of the large intestine that can be life-threatening ``` COLORECTAL CARCINOMA Liver Disease – from inflammation and scarring of bile ducts Fluid, electrolyte and PH imbalances -increase risk vte/dvt

Answer 24

Development of diverticula: Small pouches in lining of colon that bulge outward through weak spots May be CONGENITAL or ACQUIRED Thought to be caused by low fiber diet with resulting chronic constipation Usual location: DESCENDING COLON

Answer 25

diverticulosis - not inflamed | diverticulitis - inflammed

Answer 26

Usually asymptomatic | Discovered accidently or with presentation of acute diverticulitis

Answer 27

``` INFLAMMATION of one or more of the pouches (diverticula) Usually from retained fecal material Clinical manifestations Abdominal pain – LLQ Fever WBC’s __increased_ Constipation or diarrhea Acute – passage large quantity of frank blood May resolve spontaneously ``` Complications Perforation Peritonitis Obstruction

Answer 28

indigestion