GI DISORDERS Flashcards
What are the common GI disorders?
Mumps Hiatus Barrett's Oesophagus Dysphagia H.pylori infections Diarrhoea
What are the treatment options for Diarrhoea and explain the pharmacology?
Loperamide Targets myenteric plexus opioid receptor Decreases longitudinal muscle contraction Contents retained in GIT for longer More water Reabsorption Harder stools Side effects- constipation
What regulates longitudinal muscle contraction?
Myenteric Plexus neurons
What is the treatment for H.pylori infections?
2 antibiotics and a PPI
clarithromycin + amoxicillin + omeprazole
clarithromycin + metronidazole + omeprazole
What is the shape of H.pylori?
Helical shape with flagella
What does H.pylori cause?
Ulcers/peptic ulcer disease
Gastric mucosa inflammation
Affects lower part of stomach
Describe the mechanism of action of H.pylori?
Binds to Bab A ph sensitive protein on epithelial cells via surface adhesins
Infected cells migrate up to gastric lumen and reduce ph so H.pylori detaches from old cells and is free to attach new cells further down in stomach
Gram negative so it has lipopolysaccharide which helps it adhere and causes inflammation
disrupts barrier efficiency by disrupting mucous layer
What is hiatus?
Stomach protrusion through oesophagus causing acid reflux from stomach up to oesophagus
What is the mechanism of action of mumps virus?
Infects parotid salivary glands
Viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase in envelope of mumps virus binds to receptor on host cell= trisaccharide containing alpha 2,3-linked sialic acid
allows membrane fusion
Virus enters host cell
What are the treatment options for mumps virus?
Pain relief
Ibuprofen or paracetamol
What happens if mumps virus affects the pancreas and testicles?
Pancreas- temporary or permanent diabetes
Testicles- sterility
What is dysphagia?
The damage of neurons in the brain due to stroke which coordinate swallowing
What is barrets oesophagus?
When stomach juice contacts oesophagus cells causing the epithelium to erode and replacing cells with abnormal cells of a precancerous type
