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PHA 037 - SAS 7 > GI DISEASES > Flashcards

GI DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN CAUSES OF PEPTIC ULCER?

A

> infection of H-pylori
adverse effects of NSAIDs to GI tract

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2
Q

A cell in the stomach that is responsible for gastric acid secretion

A

Parietal cells

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3
Q

Acetylcholine and gastrin involvement in formulation gastric acid

A

binds to their receptors and increases cytosolic calcium which stimulates protein kinases that stimulates acid creation done by H+/K+-ATPase.

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4
Q

ECL is responsible for?

A

stimulation of releasing of histamine which activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP and activates protein kinase which then stimulates secretion of gastric acid by H+/K+-ATPase.

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5
Q

They were the mainstay of treatment for acid peptic disorders until the advent of H2−receptor antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs).

A

Antacids

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6
Q

They were the mainstay of treatment for acid peptic disorders until the advent of H2−receptor antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs).

A

Antacids

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7
Q

with calcium-containing dairy products can lead to hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and metabolic alkalosis

A

Milk-alkali syndrome

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8
Q

What causes Milk-alkali syndrome?

A

Calcium carbonate antacids reacting with dairy with calcium

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9
Q

does not causes metabolic alkalosis and belching

A

Antacids w formulation of magnesium hydroxide/ aluminum hydroxide

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10
Q

what is the first mechanism of H2 antagonist?

A

blockage of histamine receptor

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11
Q

what is the second mechanism of H2 antagonist?

A

by blocking the histamine receptor it diminishes the effect of acetylcholine and gastrin

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12
Q

a 5HT2 antagonist that may cause gynecomastia or impotence in men and galactorrhea in women.

A

Cimetidine

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13
Q

PPIs that are available in IV

A

Esomeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole

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14
Q

why PPI is administered inactive?

A

to protect the drug from being destroyed by the gastric acid

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15
Q

how many days does the PPI takes to produce its full acid-inhibiting activity?

A

3-4 days

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16
Q

what has the AE of B. 12 def.

A

PPIs

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17
Q

What are the protective device of GI mucos?

A
  • tight junctions of mucos and epithelial
  • bicarbonate secretion of epithelial
  • bicarbonate and vital nutrients by the blood to the surface cells
  • Areas of injured epithelium are quickly repaired by restitution
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18
Q

In water or acidic solutions it forms a viscous, tenacious paste that binds selectively to ulcers or erosions for up to 6 hours.

A

Sucralfate

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19
Q

has limited solubility, breaking down into SUCROSE SULFATE (strongly negatively charged) and an aluminum salt.

A

Sucralfate

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20
Q

prostaglandin primarily synthesizes what?

A

P. E and F

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21
Q

A prostaglandin produced by the gastric mucosa, INHIBITS secretion of acid and stimulates secretion of mucus and bicarbonate

A

P. E

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22
Q

A methyl analog of PGE1

A

Misoprostol

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23
Q

What are the 2 available bismuth compounds?

A

Bismuth salicylate (OCD) and bismuth subcitrate potassium

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24
Q

Second line therapy for Bismuth compounds is

A

Quadruple therapies

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25
Q

Agents that increase lower esophageal sphincter pressures may be useful for?

A

GERD

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26
Q

Agents that enhance colonic transit may be useful for?

A

constipation

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27
Q

An interneuron in enteric nervous system that is important for peristaltic reflex

A

Myenteric plexus

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28
Q

may stimulate excitatory neurons or muscle cells directly

A

Motilin

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29
Q

Acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal tract

A

Dopamine

30
Q

STIMULATES THE MUSCARINIC M3 RECEPTORS on muscle cells and at myenteric plexus synapses

A

Cholinomimetic agents

31
Q

Metoclopramide and DOMperidone are…

A

D2 antagonist receptor

32
Q

The use of Dopamine inhibiting drugs may leads to?

A

EPS (features involuntary muscle movement)

33
Q

directly stimulate motilin receptors

A

Macrolides

34
Q
  • Common preparation includes natural plants and synthetic fibers
  • may lead to bloating and flatus
A

Bulk-forming laxative

35
Q
  • Common preparation includes docusate and glycerin
A

Softeners laxatives

36
Q

is a clear, viscous oil that lubricates in fecal material, retarding water absorption from the stool.

A

Mineral oil

37
Q

Osmotic laxatives are soluble but nonabsorbable

A

Osmotic laxatives are soluble but nonabsorbable

38
Q

commonly used osmotic laxative.

A

Magnesium hydroxide

39
Q

used for complete colonic cleansing before gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.

A

PEG

40
Q

what is the optimal bowel cleansing procedure for PEG?

A
  • 1-2L rapid ingestion in evening
  • another 4-6 hours before endoscopy
41
Q

PEG does not produce significant cramps or flatus

A

PEG does not produce significant cramps or flatus

42
Q

Direct stimulation of the enteric nervous system and colonic electrolyte and fluid secretion.

A

Stimulation laxatives

43
Q

characteristic brown pigmentation of the colon is known as

A

Melanosis coli

44
Q

prostanoic acid derivative

A

Lubisprostone

45
Q

What type of chloride channel does the lubiprostone stimulates?

A

Type 2 chloride channel

increases the choride-rich fluid secretion in the stomach

46
Q

a type of chloride channel activator that is a 14-amino acid peptide

A

Linaclotide

47
Q

a type of chloride channel activator that is a 14-amino acid peptide

A

Linaclotide

48
Q

activates CFTR

A

Linaclotide

49
Q

inactivates CFTR

A

Crofelemer

50
Q

Linaclotide

A

activates CFTR

51
Q

Crofelemer

A

inactivates CFTR

52
Q

What are the two selective antagonists of the μ-opioid receptor?

A

Methylnaltrexone and alvimopan

53
Q

these agents do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, they inhibit peripheral μ-opioid receptors without impacting analgesic effects within the central nervous system.

A

Opioid receptor antagonist

54
Q
  • a serotonin 5-HT4 partial agonist
  • no affinity to 5HT3 or D2
A

Tegaserod

55
Q

Has high affinity to 5HT4 for chronic constipation on WOMEN.

A

Prucalopride

56
Q
  • a 14 amino acids of bile salt binding resins
  • a key regulatory peptide
A

Somatostatin

57
Q

used to patients with severe IBS

A

Alosetron

58
Q
  • approved for the treatment of women with IBS with predominant constipation.
  • is a prostanoic acid derivative that stimulates the type 2 chloride channel (ClC-2) in the small intestine
A

Lubiprostone

59
Q
  • approved for the treatment of women with IBS with predominant constipation.
  • is a prostanoic acid derivative that stimulates the type 2 chloride channel (ClC-2) in the small intestine
A

Lubiprostone

60
Q
  • prototypic muscarinic receptor antagonist
  • one of the best agents for motion sickness
A

Hyoscine

61
Q

What is the major psychoactive chemical in marijuana?

A

Dronabinol

62
Q

What are the two distinct types of (IBD)?

A

Ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease

63
Q

Drugs that contain 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) have been used successfully for decades in the treatment of IBD

A

Aminosalicylate

64
Q

5-ASA that contains Sulfasalazine, balsalazide, and olsalazine

A

Azo compounds

65
Q

These 5-ASA formulations are known generically as mesalamine

A

Mesalamine compounds

66
Q

What are two main contents in pancreatic enzyme supplements?

A

pancreatin and pancrelipase

67
Q

an alcohol-derived extract of hog pancreas with relatively low concentrations of lipase and proteolytic enzymes, whereas pancrelipase is an enriched preparation.

A

Pancreatin

68
Q

is available worldwide in both non-entericcoated and enteric-coated preparations. Formulations are available in sizes containing varying amounts of lipase, amylase, and protease.

A

Pancrelipase

69
Q

a glucagon-like peptide 2 analog

A

Teduglutide

70
Q

a polypeptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary

A

Vasopressin

PHA 037 - SAS 7 (1 decks)

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