Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Foundations III-GI > GI Diagnostics > Flashcards

GI Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

What is included on 3 way abdomen x-ray?

A

Ant/post (KUB)

upright- better visualize air fluid levels

PA CXR-visualize free air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Indications for 3 way abd x-ray?

A

Intestinal obstruction

Perforation

Intussusception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do you see on abd x-ray?

A

Black → gas

White → calcification

Grey → soft tissue

Darker grey → fat

Intense white → metallic objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an bowel obstruction? What will you see on abd xray?

A

Dilated bowel proximal to obstruction with collapsed bowel distally

Air fluid levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a paralytic ileus? What will you see on xray?

A

non-mechanical bowel obstruction

Dilated bowel

Gas in both small & large intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Xray findings with bowel perforation?

A

Free air outside of the bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

xray findings for intussusception?

A

Signs of obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can you tell the difference btwn SBO and LBO on xray?

A

can see valvulae conniventes with SBO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an illeus?

A

air throughout; small & large bowel look “the same”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does free air look like on xray? What does this indicate?

A

Sickle-shaped free air on both sides under the diaphragm.

perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is intussusception?

A

A loop of bowel has slipped into another section of bowel.

Creates swelling, decreased blood flow, obstruction & tissue damage.

Requires emergency tx: (barium enema or surgery).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Abdominal x-ray contraindication?

A

pregnancy

if risks > benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an UGI series?

A

pt drinks barium & fluoroscopy is used to visualize esophagus, stomach and 1st part of duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a fluoroscopy?

A

“xray movie”

Continuous x-ray is passed through the body part, & the image is transferred to a monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What test can you order if you just want to eval swallowing?

A

Esophagram (aka barium swallow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Indications for UGI?

A

Dysphagia, Dyspepsia

GERD sxs

Early satiety

Suspected PUD

Suspected obstruction / inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What may be detected on UGI?

A

hiatal hernia

CA

ulcers

Diverticula (outpouching)

benign tumors

extrinsic compression

perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

portion of stomach above diaphragm (through hiatus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What may be seen on UGI in pt with CA?

A

Strictures, obstructions, filling defects, tumors, ulcerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a filling defect?

A

displacement of contrast medium by a space-occupying lesion in a radiographic study of a contrast-filled hollow viscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What may be seen on UGI in benign tumors?

A

filling defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do you need to order for UGI if you are concerned for perforation?

A

water-soluble Gastrografin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a bezoar?

A

clump or wad of swallowed food &/or hair

can look like a large filling defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Contraindications for UGI series?

A

pregnancy

complete bowel obstruction

suspected upper GI perforation - use water soluble gastrografin

unstable vitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
potential comps of UGI series?
aspiration constipation or partial obstruction
26
What is a barium enema?
Patient receives a “barium enema,” then fluroscopy used to visualize colon, distal small bowel (occasionally appendix) may also be therapeutic for ileocolic intussusceptin
27
What is an Air contrast Barium Enema?
Often, air insufflated into colon after the barium – provides air contrast to barium = better visualization.
28
What does inflammatory bowel disease look like on barium enema?
Narrowing of the barium column due to inflammation surrounding colon
29
What can be seen on barium enema?
inflammatory bowel disease CA ulcers diverticula benign tumors extrinsic compression perforation
30
What can an "apple core" lesion on barium enema indicate?
adenocarcinoma
31
Contraindications to barium enema?
pregnancy megacolon suspected perforation unstable vitals
32
Potential comps of barium enema?
perforation barium fecal impaction
33
What is an abd US used to visualize?
reflected sound waves to visualize the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts, spleen, kidneys, ureters, bladder
34
Liver US can use to screen for..
Fatty liver For patients with chronic hepatitis, screen for CA
35
Gallbladder US is initial dx test of choice for suspected?
cholelithiasis or cholecystitis
36
dark areas on US.. white areas on US..
hypoechoic ex. aorta, bile ducts, cyst echogenic = solid ex. tumors
37
What do cysts/abscess look like on US?
Hypoechoic (dark) areas
38
What do tumors look like on abd US?
Hyperechoic or Echogenic (solid / white) areas
39
What do bile ducts look like on abd US?
Biliary tree seen as hypoechoic (dark) tube in the liver
40
What do gallstones look like on abd US?
Echogenic (solid / white) masses with “shadowing” behind (mobile)
41
What is a HIDA scan?
aka GB nuclear scan or cholescintingraphy pt receives radionuclide injection > visualization of biliary tress best if ordered with CCK and EF
42
Indications for HIDA scan?
to diagnose suspected acalculous cholecystitis | -test reproduces pt sxs
43
For abd, which is more accurate: CT or MRI?
CT
44
What is the only test where you usually get better results from US than from CT?
gallbladder- to detect stones
45
CT findings for acute pancreatitis? chronic pancreatitis?
edema, fluid assoc. w/ inflammatory process calcifications, contracted pancreas
46
CT findings for GI tract inflammation?
edema , thickened wall, pericolonic fat stranding
47
Contraindications for abd CT?
preg unstable vitals morbid obesity
48
Contraindications to IV contrast?
allergy to iodine or shellfish (premed with steroids for some pts) elevated Cr, renal failure Precaution: Metformin
49
Complications of CT ?
rxn to contrast
50
What is an EGD?
involves direct visualization of the upper GI tract via a long, flexible, fiberoptic-lighted scope -usually performed with conscious sedation
51
Indications for EGD?
Alarm sxs: dysphagia, weight loss, early satiety, epigastric pain ``` Upper abd pain Dyspepsia Chronic GERD Suspected esophageal varices Investigate abnormal UGI Investigate suspected enteropathies (eg. celiac disease) ```
52
Which is more sensitive: EGD or UGI?
EGD (+ able to biopsy)
53
How can EGD be used therapeutically?
Band esophageal varices Dilate esophagus Control bleeding
54
Contraindications to EGD?
Uncooperative patient Severe bleeding esophageal diverticula suspected perforation recent upper GI tract surg
55
comps of EGD?
perforation bleeding (2ndary to bx) aspiration of gastric contents over-sedation
56
What is ERCP?
involves use of fiberoptic endoscope to obtain radiographic visualization of bile & pancreatic ducts -scope passed into duodenum & small cath inserted into biliary duct > dye inserted & xray taken > performed with conscious sedation/anesthesia
57
Indications for ERCP?
pts with obstructive jaundice investigation/tx of obstruction of bile/pancreatic ducts
58
What can be ordered before ERCP?
MRCP may be less invasive
59
therapeutic uses for ERCP?
Incision in ampulla of Vater – widens common bile duct & gallstones can be removed Placement of stents through strictured bile ducts
60
Contraindications for ERCP?
uncooperative pt previous GI surg w/ inaccessible ampulla of Vater hx of pancreatitis
61
comps of ERCP?
``` Pancreatitis Perforation Gram-negative sepsis Introduction of bacteria into biliary & blood system Aspiration of gastric contents Oversedation ```
62
What is a colonoscopy?
involves direct visualization of the rectum, colon & terminal ileum via a long, flexible, fiberoptic-lighted scope -can do flexible sigmoidoscopy to visualization limited to rectum/sigmoid
63
Indications for colonoscopy?
colon cancer screen -sxs of colon CA, IBD abnormal test (BE, CT)
64
What can a colonoscopy detect?
``` tumors polyps inflammation infection arteriovenous malformation ``` results dependent on endoscopist
65
Contraindications for colonoscopy?
``` uncooperative pt severe rectal bleeding suspected perforation toxic megacolon active diverticulitis ```

Foundations III-GI (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions