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Embryology > GI development 1 > Flashcards

GI development 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 parts of the primitive gut tube:

A

1) Foregut
2) Midgut
3) Hindgut

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2
Q

What name is given to the future mouth of the primitive gut tube?

A

Stomatodeum

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3
Q

What is the Stomatodeum?

A

Future mouth of the primitive gut tube

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4
Q

What name is given to the future anus of the primitive gut tube?

A

Proctodeum

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5
Q

What is the Proctodeum?

A

Future anus of the primitive gut tube

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6
Q

Which germ layer gives rise to the internal lining of the GI tract?

A

Endoderm

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7
Q

Which germ layer gives rise to the external lining of the GI tract? (Musculature and peritoneum etc)

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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8
Q

What is the function of the Vitelline duct?

A

Connects the yolk sac to the hindgut

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9
Q

What name is given to the duct which connects the yolk sac and hindgut?

A

Vitelline tract

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10
Q

What is the name of the vestigial remnant of the vitelline duct, present in 2% of the population?

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum

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11
Q

List the (GI) adult derivatives of the foregut:

A
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
  • Proximal 1/4 of duodenum
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12
Q

What is the blood supply of the adult derivatives of the foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

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13
Q

At which vertebral level does the Coeliac trunk branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

T12

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14
Q

Name the 3 main branches of the Coeliac trunk:

A

1) Splenic artery
2) Common hepatic artery
3) Left gastric artery

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15
Q

List the (GI) adult derivatives of the midgut:

A
  • Distal 3/4 of duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Caecum (+ appendix)
  • Asc. colon
  • Proximal 2/3rds Transverse colon
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16
Q

Which 2 structures form from the junction between the foregut and midgut? What implications does this have on their blood supplies?

A

1) Pancreas
2) Duodenum
Mixed blood supplies (Coeliac trunk + SMA)

17
Q

What is the blood supply of the adult derivatives of the midgut?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)

18
Q

At what vertebral level does the SMA branch from the abdominal Aorta?

A

L1

19
Q

List the (GI) adult derivatives of the hindgut:

A
  • Distal 1/3rd Transverse colon
  • Desc. colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Rectum
  • Upper anal canal
20
Q

What is the blood supply of the adult derivatives of the hindgut?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA)

21
Q

At what vertebral level does the IMA branch from the abdominal Aorta?

A

L3

22
Q

What are the main 3 branches of the IMA?

A

1) Left colic artery
2) Sigmoid artery
3) Superior Rectal artery

23
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the SMA?

A

1) Ileocolic artery
2) Right colic artery
3) Middle colic

24
Q

What structure divides the intraembryonic coelom into the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

Diaphragm

25
Q

Define mesentery:

A

Double layer of peritoneum

  • suspending gut tube from abdominal wall
  • allows conduit for blood + nerve supply
  • allows motility (when needed)
  • formed from condensation of splanchnic mesoderm
26
Q

Which type of mesentery suspends the fore-, mid- and hindgut from the abdominal walls?

A 
Foregut = Ventral + Dorsal mesenteries
Midgut = Dorsal only
Hindgut = Dorsal only
27
Q

Which structures divide the peritoneal sac into left and right sacs? (the future greater and lesser sac’s)

A

Ventral and Dorsal mesenteries

28
Q

Which mesentery forms the greater omentum?

A

Dorsal mesentery

29
Q

Which mesentery forms the lesser omentum?

A

Ventral mesentery

30
Q

Define omentum:

A

Fold of peritoneum which surrounds abdominal organs

31
Q

The ventral and dorsal mesenteries divide the peritoneal sac into left and right sac’s. Which sac becomes the lesser sac?

A

Right sac –> Lesser sac

32
Q

What is the importance of the longitudinal rotation of the stomach?

A
  • Lesser curvature now lies on RHS
  • Greater curvature now lies on LHS
  • Movement of mesenteries creates space behind stomach = Lesser sac
33
Q

What is the importance of antero-posterior rotation of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia and pylorus move horizontally

- Greater curvature moves inferiorly

34
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A 
Primary = never had a mesentery (never in peritoneal cavity)
Secondary = Had mesentery which fused with posterior abdominal wall, immobilising organ
35
Q

List the primary retroperitoneal organs:

A
  • Kidneys
  • Bladder
  • Ureters
  • Rectum
  • Uterus
    (+ Aorta/IVC)
36
Q

List the secondary retroperitoneal organs:

A
  • Duodenum
  • Pancreas
  • Asc + Desc colon
37
Q

What is the name given to the part of the peritoneum which covers secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A

Fusion fascia

38
Q

Which organs of the lower GI tract remain suspended from the posterior abdominal wall (do not become retroperitoneal)?

A

Jejunum

Ileum

Embryology (6 decks)

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