GI - Chapter 55

Question 1

mechanical breakdown of ingested food through mastication (chewing)

Answer 1

mouth

Question 2

peristaltic movements push food bolus downward

Answer 2

esophagus

Question 3

secretes cells to perform digestive functions

Answer 3

stomach

Question 4

secrete mucus that protects stomach lining

Answer 4

mucous cells

Question 5

secretes hydrochloric acid that helps convert food to chyme

Answer 5

parietal cells

Question 6

secretes lipase and pepsinogen

Answer 6

chief cells

Question 7

secretes hormones needed for digestion

Answer 7

entero-endocrine cells

Question 8

metabolizes

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

responsible for bile storage and concentration

Answer 9

gallbladder

Question 10

produces insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic juice

Answer 10

pancreas

Question 11

absorbs protein, carbs, and fat digestion

Answer 11

small intestine
-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum

Question 12

fluid and electrolyte reabsorption and elimination

Answer 12

large intestine

Question 13

transformation of waste from a semiliquid state to formed stool occurs here

Answer 13

colon

Question 14

health history:
dietary practices

Answer 14

Who prepares food in your home?
Do you fast for cultural/religious reasons?
Do you have any dietary restrictions?
How often do you eat?
Any food intolerances or allergies?
Do you use any food to treat illnesses?

Question 15

health history:
nutrition

Answer 15

Do you take vitamins?
Any history of vitamin deficiencies?
Nutritional screening tool.

Question 16

health history:
oral health

Answer 16

Do you see a dentist?
Do you have history of caries or cavities?
Do you wear dentures?
Do you have gum disease?
Do you have difficulty swallowing?

Question 17

health history:
preventive health

Answer 17

What are your exercise habits?
Have you had a colonoscopy?

Question 18

health history:
weight changes

Answer 18

Have you had any unexplained weight loss/gain?
Do you diet frequently?
Any binging or purging?
Any hematemesis (blood in emesis)?

Question 19

health history:
appetite changes

Answer 19

Have you had increased hunger or thirst?
Any early feeling of fullness?

Question 20

health history:
stool changes

Answer 20

How often do you have a BM?
When was your last BM?
Have you noticed any changes in color, consistency, or odor?
Have you noticed any bright red blood?
Have you noticed any undigested food?
Frequent flatus?

Question 21

health history:
pain

Answer 21

OLDCARTS

Question 22

bright blood in the stool

Answer 22

hematochezia

Question 23

black, tarry stool

Answer 23

melena

Question 24

physical assessment

Answer 24

inspect
auscultate
percuss
palpate