GI - Chapter 55 Flashcards
mechanical breakdown of ingested food through mastication (chewing)
mouth
peristaltic movements push food bolus downward
esophagus
secretes cells to perform digestive functions
stomach
secrete mucus that protects stomach lining
mucous cells
secretes hydrochloric acid that helps convert food to chyme
parietal cells
secretes lipase and pepsinogen
chief cells
secretes hormones needed for digestion
entero-endocrine cells
metabolizes
liver
responsible for bile storage and concentration
gallbladder
produces insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic juice
pancreas
absorbs protein, carbs, and fat digestion
small intestine
-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum
fluid and electrolyte reabsorption and elimination
large intestine
transformation of waste from a semiliquid state to formed stool occurs here
colon
health history:
dietary practices
Who prepares food in your home?
Do you fast for cultural/religious reasons?
Do you have any dietary restrictions?
How often do you eat?
Any food intolerances or allergies?
Do you use any food to treat illnesses?
health history:
nutrition
Do you take vitamins?
Any history of vitamin deficiencies?
Nutritional screening tool.
health history:
oral health
Do you see a dentist?
Do you have history of caries or cavities?
Do you wear dentures?
Do you have gum disease?
Do you have difficulty swallowing?
health history:
preventive health
What are your exercise habits?
Have you had a colonoscopy?
health history:
weight changes
Have you had any unexplained weight loss/gain?
Do you diet frequently?
Any binging or purging?
Any hematemesis (blood in emesis)?
health history:
appetite changes
Have you had increased hunger or thirst?
Any early feeling of fullness?
health history:
stool changes
How often do you have a BM?
When was your last BM?
Have you noticed any changes in color, consistency, or odor?
Have you noticed any bright red blood?
Have you noticed any undigested food?
Frequent flatus?
health history:
pain
OLDCARTS
bright blood in the stool
hematochezia
black, tarry stool
melena
physical assessment
inspect
auscultate
percuss
palpate
