GI and Repiratory Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Alternative Medicine
A
The use of herbal medicines and non-traditional remedies
2
Q
List of Herbal products
A
Aloe, Echinacea, Feverfew, Garlic, Ginkgo, Ginseng, Goldenseal, Kava, Saw Palmetto, Valeria
3
Q
Micronutrients
A
substances needed by the body in small amounts
4
Q
Coenzyme
A
substances needed by enzymes for proper function many vitamins and minerals are coenzymes
5
Q
Vitamins
A
organic micronutrients needed for normal metabolism and other functions like growth and repair
6
Q
Beriberi
A
Deficiency of thiamine causing brain lesions
7
Q
Pellagra
A
a deficiency of niacin causing skin problems, diarrhea and psychotic symptoms
8
Q
Pernicious Anemia
A
A megalobastic anemia caused by a deficiency of Vit B12
9
Q
Scurvy
A
prolonged deficiency of Vit C causing gingivitis
10
Q
Carotene
A
Compounds found in plants that are converted into Vit A
11
Q
Infantile Rickets
A
Bone softness and therefore deformation caused by Vit D defiency
12
Q
Synonym for Vit A
A
Retinol
13
Q
Synonym for Vit C
A
Ascorbic Acid
14
Q
Which vit is needed to prevent neural tube defects
A
Folic Acid
15
Q
Which Vit is contraindicated for Coumadin(Warfarin)
A
Vit. K
16
Q
Minerals
A
Inorganic micronutrients needed for normal metabolism and other functions like growth and repair
17
Q
Osteoporosis
A
An extreme loss of bone mineral density
18
Q
Which mineral is needed to make Hemoglobin
A
IRON
19
Q
State the condition that results from lack of iron in the blood?
A
Anemia
20
Q
What precautions must be taken when giving liquid preparations of iron to children
A
USE a Straw, because it discolors tooth enamel and eyes
21
Q
Which Vit helps absoption of IRON and which Vit Helps the absorption and utilization of calcium
A
Vit C helps absorption of Iron
Vit D helps with absorption and utilization of calcium
22
Q
List three risk factors for osteoporosis
A
Alcohol Consumption
Low calcium diet
Smoking
23
Q
How Bisphosphonates, like fosamax, treat osteoporosis
A
Works by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption
24
Q
The special directioins concerning taking bisphosphonates
A
Patients cannot have esophageal abnormalities
Must be able to remain upright or in a sitting position for 30min after the dose
25
Nausea
unpleasant feeling that often precedes vomiting
26
Vomiting
forcible emptying of gastirc contants through the mouth
27
Vomiting center
an area of the brain that receives impulse from the senses and the GI tract that are interpreted as nauseating
28
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone
another area in the brain that recieves a signal from the vomiting center to initiate the sensation of nausea and the action of vomiting
29
State any four causes of nausea and vomiting
1) Foul ordors
2) Foul tastes
3) Unpleasant sights
4) Viral or bacterial Infections
5) Surgery
6) Motion Sickness
30
Diarrhea
Abnormally frequent passage of loose stools
31
Absorbents
solids that attract molecules to their surface not sucked into the solid
32
Constipation
Abnormally in frequent and different passage of feces through the GI tract symptoms, not a disease
33
Laxative
medication that relieves constipation, promoting a soft stool.
34
Cardia Zone
top of the stomach near the cardiac sphincter
35
Fundus
OR Gastric Zone: greater part of the body of the stomach
36
Pyloric Zone
Bottom of the stomach near the pyloric sphincter
37
Hyperacidity
overproduction of stomach acid most common stomach disorder
38
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Gastric or duodemal ulcers caused by the digestion of the GI mocusa by pepsin
39
Gastroesophageal Reflux disease (GERD)
Excessive stomach contrasts backs up into the esophagus
40
Hydrochloric Acid
Acid produced by the stomach to help digest food, prevent microbial infections maintain stomach pH between 1 and 4
41
Proton Pump "Acid Pump"
membrane proteins that move hydrogen Ions out of the cell and into the stomach
42
Which part of the stomach contains the gastric glands
Fundus
43
What is secreted by each type of gastric gland cell
Parietal Cells: HCL
Chief Cells: Pepsinogen
Mucous Cells: Secrets Mucus
44
The bacteria that causes many peptic ulcers
Helicobacter pylori
45
Translate PUD
| GERD
Peptic Ulcer Disease
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
46
Antacids
chemicals that neutralize the acids in the stomach
| Increases resistence of stomach lining to irritation
47
Translate PPI
Proton Pump Inhibitors
48
State what the H stands for in H2 blockers
Histamine- 2 Receptor Blockers
49
How enteric coated tablets are affected by taking antacids, h2, blockers, or PPI's
Increase to dissolve in the stomach-- they normally dissolve in the intestines where the pH is higher
50
Mast Cells
stationary basophils, they do NOT circulate in the blood vessels
51
Histamines
A neurotranmitters that irratiates Nerve Endings
52
Prostalandins
Tissue Hormones that causes Inflammation and dilation of blood vessels
53
Leukotrienes
Leukocytes with 3 double bonds: tissue hormones that cause inflammation and bronchoconstriction
54
Recongize whether prostaglandins or leukotrienes are cause of asthmatic symptoms
Leukotrienes produce symptoms of asthma
55
The advantages or disadvantages of taking steroids or NSAIDS by an asthmatic
should not take NSAIDs with asthmatic--they produce which cause inflammation and Bronchoconstriction
56
AntiHistamine
Blocking the effect of histamines that affect the respiratory system comptetes for histamine receptors.
57
Decongestant
any substance that decreases congestion or swelling in the respiratory tract vasocronstriction
58
Forms of decongestants
Nasal Decongestants: topical nasal sprays--fast acting but short duration
Systemic Decongestants: Oral---delayed onset, but longer duration
59
The advantage of the second generation anti-histamines over the first generation anti-histamines
Second is non-drowsy- does not cross the blood-brain barrier, less anticholinergic, Also longer duration
60
Antitussives
Any substance that decreases coughing coughs are normally initiated when the receptors in the chest are stimulated an impluse is then sent to the cough center in the medulla
61
Expectorants
Any substance that helps in coughing up and spitting out mucus and liquefies secretions.
62
The synonym for antitussives
Cough Suppressants
63
Asthma
shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing as a result of narrow airways due to bronchospasms, inflammation, edema, and visoids.
64
Emphysema
walls of alveoli breakdown : often cuased by smoking
65
Chronic Bronchitis
Continuous inflammation of the bronchi and excessive mucus
66
COPD
Increases resistance to air movement, loss of lung elasticity and prolonged expiration caused by asthma, chronic bronchitis and or emphysema
67
Translate COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
68
The synonym of sympathominetic Broncholdilator
Beta Adrenergic Agonist
69
Definition of Mucplytics
Liquefies and loosens thick mucus
70
How sympathomimetic bronchodilators affect Bronchial smooth muscles
They relax the bronchial smooth muscles
71
Three types of drugs that cause bronchodilation
1) Sympathomimetics
2) Anticholinergics
3) Xanthine Derivatives
72
The three medications used to decrease respiratory Inflammation
1) Corticosteroids
2) anti-leukotriene Drugs
3) Mast Cells Stabilizers
73
Nebulizer
A device that uses compressed air to form a mist which is inhaled
74
Metered-Dose Inhaler
a device that produces a short burst of vaporized medicine
75
Powered Dose Inhaler
"Disc" type of inhaler that administers a dry powder rather than a liquid depends on the patient inhalationto activate deliver and manage the adminitration of the drug
76
Translate: MDI
| PDI
Metered-Dose Inhaler
| Powdered-Dose Inhaler
77
The common method of determining if the canister of an inhaler is empty
If it floats in water without the mouth piece
78
When the patient should rinse their mouth when using an inhaler
After using inhalants, esecially after inhaling steroids
79
When a bronchodilator should be used in reference to other inhaled medications
Before other inhaled medication----opens up bronchial tubes and therby increase absorption.
80
When teaching about OTC and herbal supplements, the nurse should remember that:
These products cannot be safely administered to infants, children, or pregnant or lactating women without first checking with the health care provider
81
Which of the following is true of current legislation regarding herbal products?
Herbal products are viewed as dietary supplements
82
When taking a patient's drug history, the nurse asks about use of OTC drugs. The patient rresponds by saying, Oh I frequently take something for my headaches, but didn't mention it because aspirin is nonprescription, What is the best response
Although aspirin is OTC, it's still important to know why you take it, how much you take, and how often
83
The nurse teaches a client that the increased need for Vit A to meet rapid tissue growth during pregnancy may be met by using increased amounts of food such as:
Carrots
84
A 7lb baby is born and admitted to the newborn nursery with an order for Vit K 1mg IM. The nurse is aware that this treatment is administered to
Promote clotting of the blood
85
Folic Acid supplements are precribed for a prenatal client. The nurse is aware that these are necessary to prevent:
Fetal Neural Tube defects
86
The nurse is aware that nutritional support of a clients natural defense mechanisms would indicate the need for a diet high in:
Vits A, C, E and selenium
87
A patient who is taking oral iron supplements calls the office, very upset about having "very black, shiny stools." What should the nurse's response be?
It is normal for oral iron products to change stools to a black and tarry color.
88
Which dietary information is important for the patient taking calcium supplements?
Foods high in calcium include dairy products, sardines, and salmon.
89
A 24 year old, thin woman, who runs 10 miles weekly, asks the nurse for advice about preventing osteoporosis. The dietary supplements that the nurse should recommend is:
Calcium citrate and Vit. D
90
A patient who is taking the bisphosphante alendronate (Fosamax) has been instructed to lie flat in bed for two days after having plastic surgery. Which intervention is appropriate at this time?
She should not take the alendronate until she can sit up for 30 min.
91
A 33 yr old is in the outpatient cancer center for his first round of chemotherapy. When is the best time to administer the intravenous dose of an antemetic?
Thirty minutes before the chemotherapy begins
92
A patient who has been receiving chemotherapy tells the nurse that he has been searching the internet for antinausea remedies and that he found a reference to a product called Emetrol.He wants to know if this drug would help him. The nurse's best answer would be which of the following?
This drug may not help the more severe nausea symptoms asscociated with chemotherapy.
93
A patient has been on long-term antibiotic therapy as part of treatment for an infected leg wound. He tells the nurse that he has "spells of diarrhea" for the last week. Which medication is most appropriate for him at this time.
Lactobacillus Acidophilus
94
After the severe effects of dehydration are under control in a 3 month old infant, the physician orders lactobacilli granules to:
Recolonize the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract
95
The physician prescribes bisacodyl (Dulcolax) for a client with cardiac disease. The nurse is aware that this drug acts by:
Stimulating peristalsis
96
What is the major concern regarding the administration of oral methylcellulose?
Possible obstruction
97
A patient is taking oral tetracycline complains of heartburn and requests an antacid. The nurse should:
Give the tetracycline, but delay the antacid for 1 to 2 hours
98
An adolescent with allergies has been using oxymetazoline(Afrin) nasal spray. The nurse explains that if more than the recommended dose is taken, the client may develop:
Increased Nasal Congestion
99
An antitussive cough medication would be the best choice for which patient?
A patient who has had recent abdominal surgery
100
After a nebulizer treatment with the B-agonist albuterol, the patient complains of feeling a little shaky, with slight tremors of the hands. His heart rate is 98 beats/min. Increased from the pretreatment of 88 beats/min. The nurse knows that this reaction is:
an expected adverse effect of the medication
101
A patient has been receiving an aminophylline infusion for 24 hours. When monitoring for adverse effects, the nurse knows to expect which of the following?
Sinus Tachycardia
102
After taking a dose of an inhaled corticosteroid, such as fluticason(Flonase), what is the most important action the patient should do next?
Rinse out the mouth with water.
103
A patient who has a history of asthma is experiencing an acute episode of shortness of breath and needs to take a medication for immediate relief. Which medication will the nurse choose for this situation?
A B-agonist, such as albuterol
104
Which vit that is deficient with the disease.
```
Beriberi: Thiamine
Pellagra: Niacine
Pernicious anemia: B12
Night blindness: Vit. A
Infantile Rickets: Vit D
Scurvy: Vit C
```
105
Water-Soluble Vit/Needs daily replacements/Excreted in Urine
Vit B and Vit. C
| Thiamine, Riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid
106
Fat - Soluble Vit./Stored in the liver and fatty tissue/Excreted in the feces/ Excessive amounts are toxic
Vit. A, D, E, and K
