Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Summer Patho > GI anatomy and phys > Flashcards

GI anatomy and phys Flashcards

1
Q

what percent total body mass is GI

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the principle site where the immune system interfaces with a diverse array of antigens present in food and gut microbes

A

intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the two primary movements of the GI system?

A

mixing and propulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the GI layers from out to in?

A

serosa, longitudinal, circular, mucosa, epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what GI layer contacts in order to shorten the length?

A

longitudinal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what GI layer contracts to decrease the diameter

A

circular muscle layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what GI layer contains the Meissner plexus - which transmits info from the epithelium to the enteric and CNS

A

submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what GI layer senses contents and secretes enzymes, absorbs nutrients and excretes wasts

A

epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

extrinsic SNS stimulation causes

A

inihibition of GI motility - NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

extrinsic PSNS activity

A

excitatory - activates motility - Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

enteric nervous system

A

independent nervous system that controls motility, secretion, and blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

myenteric plexus

A

extends length of GI tract, between longitudinal and circular muscle layers

stimulation = tonic contraction = increased rhythm and rate of contractions
inhibited by peptide secretions that impede movement to inhibit pyloric and ileocecal valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

submucosal (meissners) plexus

A

controls inner wall of each minute segment of intestine

originates in epithelium

controls secretions, absorption, and contraction of submucosal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

esophagus and muscles

A

upper 1/3 = striated,

lower 2/3 = smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

resting tone of upper sphincter

A

30-200mmhg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

resting tone of lower esoph sphincter

A

10-45 mmhg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stomach

A

breaks food into chyme

intrinsic and extrinsic regualtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

G cells

A

secrete gastrin in stomach to stimulate parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

parietal cells

A

secrete hcl to lower ph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

chief cells

A

secrete pepsin at low ph to digest protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does gastrin and motilin do to contractions

A

increase strength and frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does gastric inhibitory peptide do to contractions

A

inhibit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stomach emptying is prompted by

A

gastric distention, gastrin, NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

stomach emptying is inhibited by

A

duodenal stretch, increased fat content via cholecystokinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
gastric gland secretions
2L/day oxyntic glands and pyloric glands secrete hcl, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and mucus to protect pyloric mucosa from stomach acid and they also produce gastrin
26
mechanism of HCL
parietal cells secrete HCL which has a pH of 0.8 at the same time HCO3 diffuses into blood so that gastric venous blood has higher ph than arterial blood when stomach is secreting acid H+ occurs via the hydrogen potassium pump
27
HCL formation
1. water dissociates into H and OH inside pariental cells - H is then secreted into small channel in exchange for K 2. As H is pumped out and K is pumped in, OH accumulates and formrs HCO3 - this is then exchanged across membrane for cl- 3. water passes into canaliculus by osmosis - FINAL SECRETION from canaliculus is water and HCl
28
small intestine parts and function
maximize absorption of water, nutrients, and vitamins before large intestine parts include duodenum, jujunem, and ilieum <100,000 organisms per ml
29
fluid through intestines
9L of fluid enters small intestine each day (diet - 2L, secretion 7L) 1-2L pass into colon for H20 absorption
30
dudenum
begins pyloric sphincter chemically digests chyme
31
jejunem
absorbs nutrients
32
ileum
90% of nutrients have already been absorbed absorbs vit b12 ends at ileocecal valve
33
what is ileocecal valve
circular muscle that prevents reflux of colon into small intestine
34
role of large intestine
reservoir for wast and indigestble material before elimination and absorbs any remaining electrolytes and water
35
where is the highest concentration of organisms found an any ecosystem
large intestine
36
pancreas
99% exocrine - secretes digestive enzymes 1% endocrine - regulates blood sugar by secreting insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretes digestive enzymes and sodium bicarb into ducts that drain via the pancreatic duct and common bile duct into duodenum
37
pancreatic excretion
enzymes are secreted through pancreatic duct, joins common bile duct, and empties into duodenum via papilla of vater through sphincter of oddi insulin is secreted directly into bloodstream via islets of langerhans
38
pancreas exocrine is stimulated by
acetylcholine chlecystokinin secretin
39
what is the basic functional unit of the exocrine pancreas
the acinus
40
spleen pulps
white pulp - lymph/WBS | red pulp - venous sinous, reservoir for monocytes, macrophages for digesting RBCs
41
spleen function
filtration, iron metabolism, prevention of infection, RBC and platelet storage
42
is spleen involved in digestion
no - just shares blood supply
43
what does splanchnic circulation include
gut, spleen, pancreas, liver
44
reticulendothelial cells
remove bacteria and other articulate matter that might enter the blood from the GI tract, thus preventing direct transport of harmful agents to rest of body
45
what does preop anxiety do to bowel function
inhibition d/t norepi release give midaz
46
volatile anesthetics and bowel function
depresses spontaneous activity and changes in intestinal tissue oxygenation
47
which VA best reserved reactive hyperemia in patients that had periods of ischemia for resection and anastamosis
isoflurane
48
propofol and bowel function
no difference
49
nitrous oxide and bowel function
30x more soluble than nitrogen in blood and as such will diffuse into gas-containing cavities from the blood faster than the nitrogen already present in those cavities avoid
50
NDMR and bowel function
only effects skeletal muscle so GI motility remains intact
51
succinylcholine and bowel function
produces an initial contraction, increases intragastric pressure, could overcome tone of LES and allow reflux
52
neostigmine
increases PSNS activity and bowel peristalsis | partially offset by simultaneous glyco admin
53
what is the best reversal choice for tenuous bowel anastamoses
sugammadex
54
opioids and bowel function
reduce GI motility and constipation d/t effect on peripheral mu receptors in the myenteric and submucosal plexus stool will stay in gut for longer period of time, more water is absorbed, and stool becomes hard and dry leading to constipation
55
what can you give to alleviate opioid induced constipation
laxative, stool softener, prokinetic
56
ileus
a transient cessation of coordinated bowel motility after surgical intervention which prevents effective transit of intestinal contents and tolerance of oral intake can last about 3-4 days postop
57
surgical manipulation of gut
increases SNS stimulation of myenteric plexus, which promotes the influx of leukocytes into traumatized area which creates inflammatory cascade can lead to peritonitis
58
how long does regional anesthesia attenuate the incidence of ileus by
36h
59
mesenteric ischemia
100% mortality if left untreated can occur from strangulation, emboli, etc painful treatment - reperfuse, revasc, bowel resect
60
colon resection
colon primarily absorbs water and a full colonic resection is compatible with life
61
jejunem resection
primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients, but ileum is able to adapt after resction
62
ileum resection
ileum absorbs b12 and bile salts, if resected bile will enter the colon and stimulate fat and water secretion
63
what can bowel anastamoses disrupt motor activity
due to transection of pacemaker myogenic cells distal part to transection must rely on its own intrinsic slow wave transmission
64
innervation to parietal peritoneum, abdominal wall muscles, and skin is supplied by
thoracoabdominal nerves
65
innervation for upper abdomen (liver, stomach, pancreas, small bowel, and prox colon)
T5-L2
66
innervation of lower abdomen (descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, bladder, ureter)
T9-L3
67
colon, rectum, internal and external genitalia, and bladder
innervated by fibers from S2-4
68
what do sympathetic afferent fibers transmit
visceral pain
69
what do sympathetic efferent fibers do
inhibit peristalsis, gastric distention, and cause GI vasoconstriction
70
PSNS supplies abd viscera via
vagus
71
afferent PSNS fibers =
satiety, nausea, distention
72
efferent PSNS fibers =
secretion, sphincter relaxation, and peristalsis
73
characteristics of abdominal visceral pain
hard to control, poorly localized, strong affective response, referred usually, emotional association
74
treatment for abdominal visceral pain
opioids, tylenol, NSAID, regional
75
regional and abdominal visceral pain
blocks SNS not PSNS failure may occur due to multiple cross plexus innervations dilute LA are required when combined with another major regional technique

Summer Patho (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions