GI: Anatomy and Exams Flashcards
what are the structures that food moves through the dig tract
-mouth: teeth, tongue
-esophagus
-stomach
-SI: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
-cecum
-LI: colon and rest
-rectum
what do the teeth do
physically grind ingested food and mix
what does saliva do
contains enzymes for breakdown
how does the stomach contribute to digestion, what enzymes does it have, what kind of breakdown is this
-mixes food w gastric juices
-pepsin, rennin, HCl
-chemical breakdown
where does most enzymatic digestion occur
-SI
what is bile, do horses have a gallbladder
-released from liver to assist breakdown
-no!
how does the LI contribute to digestion, where does the LI start
-microbial fermentation which produces VFAs for energy
-colon is first part of LI
where are the majority of sugars, vits, and minerals aborbed
-SI
where are proteins and water absorbed
-LI
what are the three sites of hairpin turns that create blockage
-in the cecum
-b/w cecum and large colon
-b/w large colon and small colon
how does gum colour give info ab the dig tract, what is capillary refill time
-good colours are pink and light pink
-red and yellow indicate issues
-pigment in mouth (black) is okay
-the time it takes for pink colour to return when tissue is pressed, fast fill means vasc system is healthy
what is auscultation
-listening through a stethoscope on the flanks
-four diff locations, high and low on each side
how many quadrants are auscultations recorded in, how many sounds should a horse have per minute, what is the medical term for the sounds
-four
-1-3
-one gurgle sound is called a borborygmus
-more than one gurgle is called borborygmi
what structures are palpable in a rectal examination
-colon, SI, bladder, uterus and ovaries, tip of spleen
what is nasogastric intubation, what two GI issues can it identify
-passing a long, flexible tube through nose into stomach
-choke and gastric reflux
what is gastric reflux, can horses vomit
-fluid build up in stomach
-no
what is a belly tap/abdominocentesis
-inserting a metal teat cannula or needle into abdominal cavity to obtain fluid that is analyzed
what types of GI issues does an ultrasound identify
-gas build up, thickened intestinal walls, displaced segments of intestines, any other soft tissue abnormalities
why are radiographs rarely used
-abdomen is too large which makes a good image difficult bc x rays cannot penetrate
what is an endoscopy
-passing an instrument through same route as NG tube to visualize internal structures via video
what do blood tests help identify
-organ diseases and other disruptions in bodily fxn
