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NURS 301 - Exam 3 > GI Alterations - GERD / PUD / Gastritis / Gastric Cancer > Flashcards

GI Alterations - GERD / PUD / Gastritis / Gastric Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastritis?

A

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa

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2
Q

What population is affected by gastritis?

A

Men and women equally

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3
Q

What is the primary cause of acute gastritis?

A

Diet indiscretion

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4
Q

What are the manifestations of acute gastritis? (3)

A
  • Abdominal discomfort
  • Anorexia
  • Hiccuping
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5
Q

What is the primary cause of chronic gastritis?

A

Somatic ulcers caused by H. pylori

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6
Q

What are the manifestations of chronic gastritis? (3)

A
  • Heartburn after eating
  • Belching
  • Sour taste
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7
Q

Erosive gastritis may cause ______

A

Bleeding

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8
Q

What diagnostic studies are used to diagnose gastritis? (2)

A
  • EGD
  • Histolic tissue exam
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9
Q

Gastric mucosa can repair itself after an episode of gastritis, allowing the patient to recover within ______

A

1 day

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10
Q

A patient recovering from gastritis typically has a diminished appetite for ______

A

2 - 3 days

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11
Q

Describe the medical management of gastritis (4)

A
  • Antacids
  • Analgesics
  • NG tube
  • IV fluids
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12
Q

In the case of acute gastritis due to strong acid / alkali ingestion, it is important to avoid ______ due to risk of perforation

A

Emetics / lavage

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13
Q

Describe the education associated with gastritis

A

Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and smoking

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14
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

A

Erosion of mucous membranes

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15
Q

What are the risk factors associated with PUD? (3)

A
  • Excessive stomach acid
  • Chronic use of NSAIDs
  • Stress
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16
Q

What are the manifestations of PUD? (4)

A
  • Epigastric burning
  • Bleeding
  • Pyrosis
  • Vomiting
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17
Q

What is pyrosis?

A

Heartburn

18
Q

What diagnostic studies are used for PUD diagnosis? (4)

A
  • EGD
  • Endoscopy
  • Stool - occult blood
  • Blood - H pylori antibodies
19
Q

What are the possible complications associated with surgical treatment of PUD? (3)

A
  • Hemorrhage
  • Pyloric obstruction
  • Perforation
20
Q

What is GERD?

A

Back flow of gastric contents into the esophagus

21
Q

What is Barrett’s esophagus?

A

Altered lining of lower esophageal mucosa

22
Q

What are the causes of GERD? (4)

A
  • Barrett’s esophagus
  • Excessive reflux
  • Pyloric stenosis
  • Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter
23
Q

What are the manifestations of GERD? (5)

A
  • Pyrosis
  • Dyspepsia
  • Dysphagia
  • Odynophagia
  • Regurgitation
24
Q

What is odynophagia?

A

Painful swallowing

25
Q

Manifestations of GERD sometimes present as ______

A

A heart attack

26
Q

What diagnostic studies are used for GERD diagnosis? (3)

A
  • EGD
  • Barium
  • 12 - 36 hour esophageal pH monitoring
27
Q

What are the risk factors of gastric cancer? (3)

A
  • Men
  • Aging
  • Diet high in sodium / low in fruits and vegetables
28
Q

Gastric cancer is associated with pain relieved by ______

A

Antacids

29
Q

What are the manifestations of gastric cancer? (6)

A
  • Ascites
  • Bloating
  • Dyspepsia
  • Early satiety
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Sister Mary Joseph’s nodules
30
Q

What diagnostic studies are used for gastric cancer diagnosis? (2)

A
  • EGD
  • Laparoscopy
31
Q

Describe the medical management of gastric cancer (3)

A
  • Total gastrectomy
  • Photodynamic therapy
  • Palliative care if tumor is metastasized
32
Q

What are the possible complications associated with surgical treatment of gastric cancer? (2)

A
  • Dumping syndrome
  • Steatorrhea
33
Q

What is dumping syndrome?

A

Rapid gastric emptying

34
Q

What is the primary nursing intervention used for dumping syndrome?

A

Avoid fluids with meals

35
Q

What is steatorrhea?

A

Excessive fat in stool

36
Q

What is the primary nursing intervention used for steatorrhea?

A

Reduce fat intake

37
Q

Describe the nursing interventions used for gastric cancer (3)

A
  • Antispasmodics
  • Optimal nutrition
  • Fluids BETWEEN (not with) meals
38
Q

To delay gastric emptying / dumping syndrome, the patient should lay in ______ position for 20 - 30 minutes after meals

A

Low Fowler’s position

39
Q

For management of gastric cancer, meals should contain …

A

More dry items than liquid items

40
Q

Describe the recommended nutritional habits for a patient with gastric cancer (2)

A
  • Small, frequent meals
  • Six small feedings low in carbohydrates / sugar
41
Q

A diet for a patient with gastric cancer should be high in … (4)

A
  • Iron
  • Calories
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin C

NURS 301 - Exam 3 (5 decks)

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