GI Agents Flashcards
Kinds of agents that decrease acid secretion
H2 histamine blockers & inhibitors of H formation–proton pump inhibitors.
Name the H2 histamine receptor blockers & SE
SE: confusion in elderly, bradycardia
metabolized in the liver
cimetidine, rantidine, famotidine, nizatidin
what is different about nizatidin
H2 receptor blocker that is not metabolized in the liver.
Name the inhibitors of H formation–proton pump inhibitors
inhibit the ATPase required to drive the proton pump–irreversible enzyme inhibitors
“PRAZOLES”
SE–decreased B12 absorption, hypochlorhydria leading to osteoporosis.
omeprazole, esomeprazole.
Name the kinds of agents that enhance mucosal defenses
sucralfate, bismuth subsalicylate, misoprostol, Ab
Sucralfate
enhances mucosal defense–binds to damage mucosa in the presence of acid
not systemically absorbed, few effects
do not use with H ion depleters (it won’t activate)
Bismuth subsalicylate
peptobismol
increases mucous production, inhibits H pylori
unpleasant taste
SE: if taken for a long time–>darling of feces, tongue and teeth
Prostaglandin analogs–misoprostol
replaces PGs lost after taking NSAIDS or glucocorticoids
SE: abortifacents & strong contractions
Ab
used for H pylori infections
combo of metronidazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and tetracycline
Kinds of agents used to increase gastric emptying rate
metoclopramide, erythromycin, alvimopan
all prokinetic agents
Metoclopramide
increases motility without increased secretion
dopamine and serotonin antagonist
SE: sedation, depression, parkinsons like symptoms
treats hiccups
Erythromycin
acts on motilin receptors
SE: odotoxicity, pseudomembranous colitis, arrhythmias
alvimopan
blocks opiate receptor ONLY in the gut
blocks constipation caused by post-operative opioid use
