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GI Tract > GI A&P > Flashcards

GI A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Nerves signaling swallowing center of medulla to activate swallow reflex

A

Trigeminal (V)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)

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2
Q

Nerves involved in coordinating food movement from mouth to stomach while preventing aspiration

A

Trigeminal (V)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vegas (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)

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3
Q

Semi solid food mass (after being chewed)

A

Bolus

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4
Q

The process of swallowing

A

Deglutition

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5
Q

Consumption

A

Food entering GI tract through the mouth

Chemical and mechanical digestion begins

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6
Q

Mastication aka

A

Chewing: pulverizing food into smaller pieces

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7
Q

What does Saliva (from the salivary glands, and accessory) do?

A

Moisten and breakdown food

Kill or neutralize bacteria with enzymes and antibodies it contains

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8
Q

The 4 layers of the GI tract wall

A

Deep Mucosa
⬇️ Submucosa layer
Superficial Muscle layer
Serosa

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9
Q

Serosa

A

Outer layer of GI wall tissue

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10
Q

Muscle layer

A

2nd most superficial layer of GI wall

A circular layer and a longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

Peristalsis

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11
Q

Peristalsis

A

Digestive muscles (muscle layer of GI tract wall) contract in a wave 🌊 like motion to propel food through

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12
Q

Submucosa layer

A

2nd deepest muscle layer of GI wall

Connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, secretory glands

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13
Q

Mucosa

A

Deepest layer of GI wall tissue

Produces mucus

Epithelial mucosa cells have high turnover rate to protect tissue beneath

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14
Q

Mucus

A

Produced my mucosa layer of GI tract wall

Facilitates movement of food

Protects tissue from the extreme pH conditions of GI tract that are needed to digest food

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15
Q

Stomach pH

A

1-2 pH

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16
Q

Hepatobiliary system

A

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas

17
Q

GI system (aka)

A

Digestive tract (aka)

18
Q

Purpose of GI system

A

Provide essential nutrients, electrolytes, water

By

Consumption, digestion, elimination

19
Q

Alimentary canal components

A

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus

20
Q

Accessory organs

A

Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Bile ducts
Pancreas

21
Q

Peritoneum

A

Large serous membrane lining abdominal cavity

22
Q

Peritoneum layers

A

Parietal peritoneum (superficial)
Peritoneal cavity (space between)
Visceral peritoneum (deep)

23
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Covers abdominal wall and top of bladder and uterus (most superficial)

24
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Encases abdominal organs (deepest)

25
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Space between parietal and visceral peritoneums

Contains serous fluid

26
Q

Serous fluid

A

Decreases friction and facilitates movement between organs and abdominal wall

27
Q

Mesentary

A

Double layer (thicc) peritoneum w blood vessels and nerves to intestinal wall

Provides support to intestines while still allowing for varied capacity and movement (peristalsis)

28
Q

Upper GI tract

A

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach

29
Q

Complications with the mouth or with swallowing …

A

… May lead to medical interventions allowing food to enter directly into stomach or intestines

30
Q

_______ and _______ are imperative to adequate nutrition

A

Healthy teeth and gums

31
Q

Muscular rings in esophagus

A

Moves food toward the stomach using peristalsis

32
Q

LES (lower esophageal sphincter)

A

Relaxes as food nears stomach to allow it through

Prevents stomach contents from refluxing into esophagus

33
Q

Stomach

A

Expandable food and liquid reservoir

34
Q

Rugae

A

Wrinkles that form when stomach shrinks/is empty

35
Q

Stomach volume

A

Up to 4 L

36
Q

Hydrochloric acid and enzymes in stomach

A

Chemical digestions factors in stomach

37
Q

Peristaltic churning in stomach

A

Mechanically digesting factor in stomach

38
Q

Chyme

A

Highly acidic partially digested food mixture (forms in stomach)

GI Tract (1 decks)

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