GI Flashcards
- Gingival Hypertrophy -> Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums
Side effect of Calcium Channel Blockers or phenytoin
- Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)
Achalasia; if in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction
- Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive
acute Pancreatitis
- Mnemonic for causes of acute pancreatitis → GET SMASHED
Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune, Scorpion bites/stings, Hyperlipidaemia/hyperthermia/hypercalcaemia, ERCP, Drugs
- Murphy’s sign positive
Cholecystitis
- Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain
biliary obstruction
- Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness
portal hypertension + ascites
- Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum
Crohn’s/UC
- “Tinkling bowel sounds”
bowel obstruction
- Vesicular rash + weight loss
Coeliac Disease
- Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)
gastric cancer
- Urea breath test
H pylori
- 14C breath test
bacterial overgrowth
- “Rice-water”-like stools
vibrio cholera
- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)
- Autoimmune hepatitis
Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)
- Alpha Feto Protein assay
hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)
- ‘Cobblestone mucosa’; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa
found in Crohn’s Disease
- Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)
spironolactone
- Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow
diffuse oesophageal spasm
- Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk
Campylobacter
- Russell’s sign
self induced vomiting
- Mallory’s hyaline bodies
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis
- Crypt abscess / cryptitis
Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S
- Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- “Signet RIng” cells seen on biopsy
Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer
- Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure
Ischaemic colitis
- Charcot’s triad
Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis.
- Causes for abdominal mass: A CHEMICAL
AAA, crohn’s, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, intersusception, cyst or abcess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy
- Causes for bowel obstruction: BATH VIPS
bolus, adhesions, tumour, hernia, volvulus, intersussception, pseudo-obstruction, stricture
