GI Flashcards
Dysphagia: Definition
difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia: clinical manifestions
- c/o of difficulty swallowing
- drooling/ leaking while eating or drinking
- coughing or choking while eating or drinking
- recurrent pneumonia or chest congestion
Dysphagia: Nursing Diagnosis
- risk for aspiration
- altered comfort with pain on swallowing
Dysphagia: Nursing Management
- upright for meals
- thick liquids
- not feeding while drowsy
- assisting in cutting food
- encourage chin tunk
Dumping Syndrome: definition
-rapid empty of stomach contents into jejunum
Dumping Syndrome: clinical manifestations
- N/V/D
- abdominal cramping
- feelings of fullness
- palpitations
- tachycardia/ hypotension
- diaphoresis
- weakness/ dizziness/ dehydration
Dumping Syndrome: patient teaching
- low carb and high protein diet
- avoid: fruit juices, sweet, candies, soda, fried foods, fatty food
- eat 6 evenly spaced meals without drinking
- reclining after meals
- antispasmodic/sedative can delay gastric empty
Appendicitis: definition
- incomplete emptying of appendix cause infection and inflammation
Appendicitis: clinical manifestations
- epigastric pain
- Mcbrunner’s tenderness: peri umbilical tendered in RLQ
- Rovsing sign: if LLQ palpated pain is felt in RLQ
- rebound tenderness
- nausea/ vomiting
- fever
Appendicitis: diagnosis
- elevated WBC
- CT scan
Appendicitis: treatment
appendectomy
Appendicitis: complications
- rupture of appendix
- peritonitis
- abscess formation
Hiatal Hernia: definition
- upper stomach goes through stretched esophageal sphincter and into the esophagus
Hiatal Hernia: Types
- sliding: moved up and down
- paraesophageal: stay in place and risk for strangulations
Hiatal Hernia: clinical manifestations
- pyrosis
- regurgitation, belching, vomiting
- dysphagia
- feelings of fullness
- most cases asymptomatic
- abdominal distention and recline make symptoms worse
Hiatal Hernia: diagnosis
Barium swallow
Hiatal Hernia: Treatment
goal: reduce gastric distention and maintain function gastroesophageal sphincter
- weight loss
- small stomach volume: smaller more frequent meals, less fluid in stomach
- eat upright, upright for an hour, no bending post meal
- sleep HOB 4-8 inches
Hiatal Hernia and GERD fundoplication
- for high risk of aspiration and severe chronic reflux
- wrap stomach around to make sphincter GE smaller
Barium swallow things to note
- NPO before test
- laxative after
Hiatal Hernia and GERD medications
- prokinetic agents: accelerate gastric emptying
- antacids: neutralize acid
- H2 receptor antagonist: decrease acid production
- PPI: decrease gastric acid production
GERD: definition
reflux of gastric contents into esophagus
GERD: causes
- decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone
- increased intra-abdominal pressure
- pyloric stenosis
- Hiatal Hernia
GERD: caused of decreased LES tone
- nicotine
- caffeine
- ETOH
- milk
- chocolate
- fatty food
- medications
- peppermint/spearmint
GERD: clinical manifestation
- pyrosis
- dyspepsia
- pain on swallowing
- regurgitation of stomach contents
GERD: diagnosis
barium swallow
GERD: treatment
goal: relieve symptoms and heal mucosa
- med: H2 blockers, PPI, antacids
- eat 2-3 hours before bed
- sleep with HOB up
- weight loss
- avoid irritants
gastritis: Definition
-inflamamtion of gastric mucosa
gastritis: acute clinical manifestations
- headache
- N/V
- hiccuping
- fatigue
- sometimes bleeding
gastritis: chronic clinical manifestations
- epigastric discomfort
- pyrosis
- N/V
- belching
- anorexia
- sour taste
- intolerance to some food
- vitamin deficiency
gastritis: non-erosive
usually caused by H pylori
gastritis: diagnosis
- H pylori test
- UGI x ray
gastritis: treatment
- treat H pylori
- NPO while symptomatic
- avoid caffeine, nicotine, ETOH
- meds: H2 blockers or PPI
gastritis: erosive
caused by
- over use of ASA, NSAIDs, alcohol
- bile reflux
- radiation therapy
Peptic Ulcers: definition
- excavation in mucosal wall caused by overproduction of acid or by mucosal damage