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GI Flashcards

1
Q

Gingival hypertrophy > gingivectomy / biting on own gums indicates what

A

Side effect of calcium channel blockers or phenytoin

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2
Q

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus) indicates what?

A

Achalasia, if in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction

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3
Q

Grey turners (lumbar redness) and cullens sign (umbilical redness) positive indicates what?

A

Acute pancreatitis

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4
Q

Causes of acute pancreatitis

A
  • idiopathic
  • gallstones
  • ethanol
  • trauma
  • steroids
  • mumps
  • autoimmune
  • scorpion bites / stings
  • hyperlipidaemia / hypothermia / hypercalcaemia
  • ERCP
  • drugs
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5
Q

Murphys sign positive indicates what?

A

Cholecystitis

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6
Q

Pale stools, jaundice and abdominal pain indicates what?

A

Biliary obstruction

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7
Q

Abdominal distention, caput medusae and shifting dullness indicates what?

A

Portal hypertension and ascites

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8
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum indicates what?

A

Crohns / UC

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9
Q

Tinkling bowel sounds indicates what?

A

Bowel obstruction

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10
Q

Vesicular rash and wright loss indicates what?

A

Coeliac disease

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11
Q

Virchows node (left supra-clavicular) indicates what?

A

Gastric cancer

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12
Q

Urea breath test is used for what?

A

H pylori

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13
Q

13C breath test indicated what?

A

Bacterial overgrowth

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14
Q

Rice-water like stools indicates what?

A

Vibrio cholera

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15
Q

Pulmonary biliary cirrhosis has the presence of what?

A

Presence of AMA (anti mitochondrial antibodies)

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16
Q

Autoimmune hepatitis has the presence of what?

A

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

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17
Q

Alpha feto protein assay indicates what?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

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18
Q

Cobblestone mucosa indicates what?

A

Indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa, found in crohns disease

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19
Q

Name the diuretic used for ascites due to cirrhosis

A

Spironolactone

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20
Q

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow indicates what?

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

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21
Q

Severe abdominal pain and diarrhoea after raw milk indicates what?

A

Campylobacter

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22
Q

Russells sign indicates what?

A

Self induced vomiting

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23
Q

Urea breath test indicates what?

24
Q

Mallorys hyaline bodies indicates what?

A

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

25
Q

Crypt abscess / cryptitis indicates what?

A

Inflammatory bowel ulcerative colitisac

26
Q

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts indicates what?

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

27
Q

Signet ring cells seen on biopsy indicates what?

A

linitisplastica, diffuse stomach cancer

28
Q

Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure indicates what?

A

Ischaemic colitis

29
Q

Charcots triad is what?

A

Fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to acute cholangitis

30
Q

Name causes of abdominal mass

A
  • AAA
  • crohns
  • hernia
  • enlarged organ
  • malignancy
  • intussusception
  • cyst or abscess
  • appendicitis
  • lymphadenopathy
31
Q

Name causes of bowel obstruction

A
  • bolus
  • adhesions
  • tumour
  • hernia
  • volvulus
  • intussusception
  • pseudo-obstruction
  • stricture
32
Q

Pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain indicates what?

A

Biliary obstruction

33
Q

Abdominal distention, caput medusae, shifting dullness indicates what?

A

Portal hypertension and ascites

34
Q

Colicky loin pain radiating to groin indicates what?

A

Ureteric colic

35
Q

What type of mouth disease do people with crohns have?

A

Stomatitis gangrenosum

36
Q

Jaundice and constant right upper quadrant pain indicates what?

A

Biliary colic

37
Q

Vesicular rash and weight loss indicates what?

A

Coeliac disease

38
Q

Severe epigastric pain radiating to back associated with vomiting indicates what?

A

Acute pancreatitis

39
Q

Periumbilical pain radiating to right iliac fossa indicates what?

A

Acute appendicitis

40
Q

Central abdominal pain, expansible pulsatile mass indicates what?

41
Q

Iliac fossa pain, positive pregnancy test indicates what?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

42
Q

Asterixis (liver flap) indicates what?

A

Encephalopathy

43
Q

Leuconychia indicates what?

A

Hypoalbuminemia

44
Q

Koilonchyia indicates what?

45
Q

Angular stomatitis indicates what?

46
Q

Buccal pigmentation indicates what?

A

PJ syndrome

47
Q

Glossitis indicates what?

A

B12 deficiency

48
Q

Aphthous ulceration indicates what?

A

Crohns or coeliac disease

49
Q

Craggy hepatomegaly indicates what?

A

Liver malignancy

50
Q

Bronze pigmentation with DM indicates what?

A

Haemochromatosis

51
Q

Anti-mitochondrial antibody positive indicates what?

52
Q

Name causes of liver disease

A
  • autoimmune
  • hep B
  • hep C
  • drugs
  • ethanol
  • fatty liver disease (NASH in obesity)
  • growth
  • haemodynamic flow
  • infiltration (iron)
  • infective
53
Q

Treatment of ascites is what?

A

Spironolactone

54
Q

When an NSAID is prescribed, what is also prescribed alongside?

A

A PPI due to the tendency of NSAIDs to cause adverse effects such as peptic ulcers

55
Q

A reducible mass is what?

A

A reducible mass

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