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M13 OTC > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

List come causes of abdominal pain

A
  • Gastric pain- NSAIDs
  • Constipation- Iron, Opioid, TCAs
  • Oesophageal ulceration- potassium chloride, alendronic acid, doxycycline
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2
Q

Refferal Points for abdominal pain

A
  • Continuous sever pain for >1hr
  • babies
  • lasting more than 1 week
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3
Q

Give causes of Indigestion

A
  • Spicy foods
  • Smoking
  • H.Pylori
  • Heart failure
  • Overweight
  • Pregnancy
  • Medications
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4
Q

Symptoms of indigetion

A
  • Heartburn
  • Epigastric discomfort shortly after eating/drinking
  • Feeling of fullness
  • Flatulence*
  • Nausea/vomiting*
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5
Q

List treatment for Indigestion

A
  • Antacid (Milk of magnesia)
  • Alignates (Gaviscon)
  • H2RA (Ranatidine)
  • PPI (esomeprazole)
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6
Q

Refferal for indigestion

A

Over 55 years with alarm signs or persistent symptoms:

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7
Q

List the ALARMS

A
  • Anemia
  • Loss of weight
  • Alternating bowel movement
  • Red bloods
  • Mass or Lumps
  • Swallowing difficulties
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8
Q

Causes of constipation

A
  • Lifestyle; diet, fluid and exercise
  • Medication; opiates, iron
  • conditions; pregnancy, depression and IBS
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9
Q

List treatment and counsel on usage

A
  • Bulk; Isphagula Husk
  • Stimulant; Biocodyl
  • Osmotic; Lactulose
  • Faecal Softner; Dousate Sodium
  • Glyerin
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10
Q

Referral for Constipation

A
  • Unable to work
  • Fever
  • > 2days
  • No reilef after treatment
  • ALARMS
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11
Q

Causes of Nausea/Vomiting

A
  • Toxins
  • Inner ear disorders
  • migraine
  • pregnancy
  • medication
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12
Q

Treatment for N/V

A

Oral rehydration (dioralyte)

Sea bands, ginger, lime

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13
Q

Referral for N/V

A
  • projectile vomiting
  • > 6mnths more than 48hrs
  • <6mnths more than 24hours
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14
Q

Counselling points for N/V

A
  • small regular meals
  • avoid greasy, dairy foods
  • start with liquids
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15
Q

Causes of IBS

A
  • Emotion/stress
  • Food intolerance
  • Unknown (diagnosis by elimination)
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16
Q

Symptoms of IBS

A
  • Young adults: alternating bouts of constipation/diarrhoea, bloating, abdominal pain
  • Rectal fullness, incomplete emptying
  • Nausea, back pain, frequent urination
17
Q

Treatment of IBS

A

Once diagnosed by GP
1. Anti-diarrhoeal: Loperamide (Imodium)
Administration;
18years+ Take TWO initially then 1 after each loose stool. MAX 6/day

  1. Anti-spasmodic: Peppermint Oil (Colpermin IBS), Mebeverine (Colofac IBS), Hyoscine butylbromide (Buscopan IBS)

Administartion;
12years+ ONE tablet three times a day. Can go up to 2 a day.
- C/I: paralytic ileus

  1. Bulking Agent: Ispaghula Husk (Fybogel Hi-Fibre)
18
Q

Counselling for IBS

A

Try not to rush meals, keep a balanced diet and drink plenty of fluids, regular exercise, attend relaxation classes, ask if taking other medications

19
Q

Causes of mouth ulcers

A
  • Sometimes unknown
  • Trauma (i.e. biting)
  • Vitamin deficiency
  • Stress
  • Physical illness (i.e. Crohn’s)
  • Nutrition
  • Carcinoma
20
Q

Symptoms of mouth ulcers

A
  • Shallow white/yellow ulcers on lip, cheek, tongue
  • Very painful, can look swollen
  • Single/clusters
21
Q

Treatment of mouth ulcers

A
  • Anbesol; clean finger max every 3hours for 7days

- corsodyl; >12years 10ml BD and 2 days after it resolves

22
Q

Referral for mouth ulcer

A
  • recurrent
  • > 3weeks
  • signs of infection
  • diabetic
  • pregnant/BF
23
Q

Signs of oral thrush

A
  • White raised patches
  • Tendency to bleed
  • Can be painful
24
Q

Causes of oral thrush

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Inhaled corticosteroids
  • Immunocompromised
  • Diabetes
  • Pregnancy/contraceptives
  • Ill-fitted dentures
25
Q

Referral for Oral thrush

A
  • recurrent
  • failed treatment
  • Pregnacy/BF
  • medication induced
26
Q

Counselling points for thrush

A

Counselling:

Inhaler technique, application to babies, fitted dentures

27
Q

Treatment for oral thrush

A
  1. Daktarin 2% Oral Gel
    Miconazole (inhibitor)
    - Dose is related to age
    - Apply after food (leave for as long as possible)
28
Q

Haemorrhoid causes

A
  • Anal infections
  • Sitting/standing for long periods
  • Constipation/diarrhoea
  • Sports
  • Abuse of laxatives
  • Old age
  • Dehydration
  • Increase in intra-abdominal pressure
29
Q

Symptoms of haemorrhoids

A
  • Itching in perianal area
  • Can be painful
  • Can be sharp pain on defaecation
30
Q

Referral for haemorrohoids

A
  • > 3weeks
  • anal pain
  • serious bleed
  • recurrent
  • drug induced constipation
31
Q

Treatment for haemorrohoids

A
  1. Addition of Hydrocortisone: Anusol plus HC, Germoloid HC
    - No more than 7 days
    - C/I: under 18 years, pregnancy/breastfeeding
    - Not to be used on broken/infected skin
    Application for adults;
    Ointment; apply at night and morning and after each evacuation. MAX 4applications/day. Internal use the nozzle and clean each time

Suppositories; insert ONE at night and morning and after evacuation. MAX 3/day

32
Q

Counselling points for haemorrhoids

A
  • Hygiene; hand washing, scratching
  • Diet; Increase Fiber
  • Medication; feacal softners
  • Increase exercise
33
Q

Causes of Diarrhoea

A
  • Food allergies
  • Bacterial/Viral
  • Overindulgence
  • Stress
  • Changes in diet
  • Due to medical condition (Hyperthyroidism, diabetes, IBS)
  • Medication
34
Q

Treatment for diarrhoae

A
  1. Anti-diarrhoeal: Loperamide (Imodium Melts)
    - For over 12 years
    Administration; Take TWO initially then 1 after each loose stool. MAX 6/day
  2. Oral Rehydration Sachets (Dioralyte)
    - adults 1/2 kids 1 in 200ml
    - Sip little and often
    - Keep for 1 hr / 24 hrs if in fridge
35
Q

referral for diarrhoea

A
  • elderly >8hours
  • chronic/recurrent
  • fatigue/pain >2days
  • ALARMS
  • > 6mnths 48hr
  • <6mnths 24hr
36
Q

counselling points for diarrhoea

A
  • fluid intake

- sterilse baby bottles

M13 OTC (2 decks)

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