GI Flashcards
A nurse is preparing a community education program about hepatitis B. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. “A hepatitis B immunization is recommended for those who travel, especially military personnel.”
B “ A hepatitis B immunization is given to infants and children.”
C. Hepatitis B is acquired by eating foods that are contaminated during handling.”
D. “Hepatitis B can be prevented by using good personal hygiene habits and proper sanitation.”
B. Hep B immune globulin is given as part of the standard childhood immunizations. It can be administered as early as birth, especially in infants born to Hep B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative mothers. These infants should receive the second dose between 1 and 4 months of age.
A nurse is assessing a client who was admitted with a bowel obstruction. The client reports severe abdominal pain. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that a possible bowel perforation has occurred?
A. Elevated BP
B. Bowel sounds increased in frequency and pitch
C. Rigid abdomen
D. Emesis of undigested food
C. Rigid Abdomen
Abdominal tenderness and rigidity occur with a bowel perforation. As fluid escapes into the peritoneal cavity, there is a ______ in circulating blood volume and a lowered bp, or hypotension, results.
reduction
Bowel sounds are _____ with a bowel perforation.
silent
Intestinal peristalsis increases in ______ and intensity as the bowel attempts to move intestinal contents past the obstructed area.
frequency
______ is frequent and copious with a small bowel obsturction. This does not indicate bowel performation.
vomiting
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to undergo an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The nurse should identify that this procedure is used to do which of the following?
A. To visualize polyps in the colon
B. To detect an ulceration in the stomach
C. To identify an obstruction in the biliary tract
D. To determine the presence of free air in the abdomen
B. To detect an ulceration in the stomach
A _________ or barium enema is used to visualize the lower gi tract, where polyps are found.
sigmoidoscopy
Identifying an obstruction in the ______ is performed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
biliary tract
The measurement of free air, which is a gas, is obtained using ______ or an x-ray.
fluoroscopy
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy and has just returned to the room following physical therapy. The nurse notes that the infusion pump for the client’s TPN is turned off. After restarting the infusion pump, the nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings?
A. Hypertension
B. Excessive thirst
D. Fever
D. Diaphoresis
Diaphoresis
The nurse should recognize that the client has the potential for the development of ________ due to the sudden withdrawal of the TPN solution. In addition to diaphoresis, other potential manifestations of hypoglycemia can include weakness, anxiety, ______, and hunger.
hypoglycemia
confusion
A nurse is assessing a client who is in the early stages of hepatitis A. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. jaundice
B. Anorexia
C. Dark urine
E. Pale feces
B. Anorexia
Jaundice is a late manifestation of _______.
hepatitis A
Anorexia is an early manifestation of hepatitis A and is often _______. It is though to result from the release of a toxin by the ______ liver or by the failure of the damaged liver cells to detoxify an abnormal product.
severe
damaged
Dark urine is a late manifestation of ________.
hepatitis A
Pale feces is a late manifestation of _______.
hepatitis A
A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing perforation of a peptic ulcer. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. Increased BP
B. Decreased HR
C. Yellowing of the skin
D. Boardlike abdomen
D. Boardlike abdomen
The nurse should expect a client who has ______ disease to exhibit jaundice, or yellowing of the skin.
liver
The nurse should expect the client who is experiencing perforation of a peptic ulcer to exhibit manifestations of ______, including tachycardia.
shock
The nurse should expect the client who is experiencing perforation of a peptic ulcer to exhibit manifestations of shock, including _______.
hypotension
The nurse should expect the client who is experiencing perforation of a peptic ulcer to exhibit manifestations of a boardlike abdomen and severe pain in the abdomen or back that radiates to the ________.
right shoulder
The nurse should expect the client who is experiencing perforation of a peptic ulcer can experience hemorrhaging that results in ______ and shock.
vomiting of blood
A nurse is caring for a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the following serum lab values should the nurse anticipate returning to the expected reference range within 72 hours after treatment begins?
A. Aldolase
B. Lipase
C. Amylase
D. Lactic dehydrogenase
C. Amylase
Elevated aldolase levels are caused by inflammation of the muscles, also known as ______. The levels of aldolase are not affected by pancreatic disorders.
myositis
Lipase levels in clients who have pancreatitis increase after a rise in serum amylase and stay elevated for up to _______ longer than amylase.
14 days
Pancreatitis is the most common diagnosis for marked elevations in ________.
serum amylase
Serum amylase begins to increase about 3 to 6 hr following the onset of acute pancreatitis. The amylase level peaks in ____ to _____ and returns to the expected reference range within 2 to 3 days.
20 to 30 hr.
_________ increases are typically seen in clients who have anemia, leukemia, or liver damage.
Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
A community health nurse is planning an educational program about hepatitis A. When preparing the materials, the nurse should identify that which of the following groups is most at risk for developing hepatitis A?
A. Children
B. Older Adults
C. Women who are pregnant
D. Middle aged men
A. Children
Typically, a child or young adult acquires the the hepatitis A infection at school, through poor hygiene, ______ contact, or another form of close contact.
hand to mouth
______ are not often affected by or at risk for developing hep A.
Older adults
