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DIT > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

PBC vs PSC

  • main difference
  • common sx
  • who gets it
  • common other diseases
  • Dx tests
  • ERCP results
  • trx

PROBABLY HAVE TO REMAKE THIS_THINK!!!!!! how is best way—-ESP HOW TO TIGHTEN ASSOCIATION (not HEPB DNA, do HEPB DNA means ….?)

A

PBC=autoimmune disease of bile ductules within liver
PSC-concetric fibrosis and scaring of extra hepatic ducts

Fatigue, pruritus, hepatomegaly, alk phos, AST and ALT increase

Women (30-65) vs Men (40)

other Autoimmune vs UC (IDB)

Antimito Ab vs pANCA

PSC-Beads on a string (strictures)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (decrease synthesis of bile) vs both-liver transplant)

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2
Q

Anterior Tongue 2/3

  • development
  • sensation
  • taste
A

1st and 2nd brachial arch

mandibular of CN5

Facial nerve

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3
Q

Posterior 1/3

A

3rd and 4th brachial arches

glossopharyngeal nerve

Mostly glossopharyngeal, very posterior is vagus nerve

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4
Q

motor for entire tongue

A

CN12

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5
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation
-beefy red/smoothing (loose surface features)

vitamin B (12,2,3,6) def or Fe def

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6
Q

Leukoplakia

  • what is it
  • RF
A

keratosis on mucous membranes

smokers

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7
Q

Hairy Leukoplakia

  • what is it
  • RF
A

white patch on side of tongue

EBV/Immunocomp (HIV)

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8
Q

Oral Thrush

  • where
  • organism
  • RF
A

On tongue or buccal mucosa

C. albicans

infants and immunocomp

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9
Q

Oral herpes

-organism

A

HSV 1 (more than 2)

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10
Q

Apthous ulcers

  • what is it
  • RF
  • disease associations
A

kanker sores

Trauma (biting), citrus fruits, stress, food allergies, b12 def

behcet and chrohns disease

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11
Q

What cytokines secreted from two types of helper T cells

A

TH1-IFNgamma

TH2-ILs 4, 5, 10

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12
Q

TGF B and IL10

A

both attenuate immune response

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13
Q

5 classes of medications to trx glaucoma (and general mech)

A

alpha agonists, beta blockers, acetazolamide, cholinomimetics (M3), PGF2alpha (prostaglandins)

first 3 decrease aqueous humor prod

next 2 increase aquoues humor outflow

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14
Q

hyperplastic polyps

A

completely benign

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15
Q

adenomatous polyps

- 3 types and histo

A

possibly neoplastic

tubular-lots of glands
tubulovillous-more villi
villous

more villous-more likely to be malignant

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16
Q

Peutz Jeghers

  • presentation
  • PE
  • assocaitions
A

AD

multiple benign hamartomas (excess tissue)

hyper pigmented areas in lips, mouth, hands, and genitals

increased risk of many types of cancers

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17
Q

Chromasomal instability APC pathway

-steps (3)

A

series of gene mutations leading to colon cancer

  • loss of APC gene
  • KRAS mutation (oncogene)
  • Loss of tumor sup (p53, DCC)
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18
Q

Microsatellite instability pathway

A

less common than APC pathway

Lynch syndrome

DNA MMR dysfxn

19
Q

Colon Cancer RFs (8)

A

IBD, smoking, high fat/low fiber, ETOH use, obestity, adenomatous polyps, strep bovis bacteremia

20
Q

colon cancer presentation

  • general
  • gi sx
  • L vs right findings
A

Fatigue, weight loss, LAD

abomindal pain, bowel obstruction, N/V

L side-change in bowel habits and hematochezia (pencil thin schools)

R side-Fe def anemia

21
Q

apple core lesions

A

barium enema finding for colon cancer

22
Q

tumor marker for colorrecctal cancer

A

CEA-but non spec-so use for trx

23
Q

FAP

A

AD of APC gene

24
Q

Turcot syndrome

-association

A

malignant CNS tumors-medulloblastomas

FAP

25
Q

Gardner sydnrome

-association

A

FAP + bones nd soft tissue tumors, lipomas, retinal hyperplasia

26
Q

Lynch syndrome

A

non-polyposis colorectall cancer

AD

Prox colon cancer (most cancers are in last 1/3 of colon)

27
Q

which three bacteria are obligate intracellular bacteria

A

rickettsia
coxciella
chlamydia

28
Q

tibial N damage

A

decreased plantar flexion

decreased sensation over posterior prox lower leg, lateral margin of foot, and platter surface of foot

29
Q

what 4 substances serve as chemotactic agents for leukocytes

A

IL8, leukotriene B4, C5a, and kallikrien

30
Q

Hep A

  • tranmission
  • Labs
  • trx
A

fecal oral/poor sanitation
IgM during illness, IgG after resolution/vaccine
Vaccine availble no trx nec.

31
Q

which Hep virus are ssRNA

last one is…

A

A, C, D, E

Hep B is dsDNA

32
Q

Hep E

  • tranmission
  • special
  • labs
A

fecal/oral

more likely to get fulminant hepatic failure preggers

PCR/Hep E IgM ab

33
Q

HepD

  • special
  • tranmission
  • mortaility
  • trx
A

Delta virus infects only in presence of Hep B (defective)

blood/sex

highest mortaility

pegyllated IFN-a or Hep B vaccine

34
Q

HepC

  • chornically infected
  • US
  • assocations
  • transmission
  • labs
  • trx
A

50-85 % remain chronically infected

US every 6 mo ofor HCC risk

membranoprolfierative glomeruloneph, lymphoma, thyroiditis, PTC,DM, etc

blood and rarely sex contact

Hep C Ab and RNA to confirm

Antiviral

35
Q

Hep B

  • Transfer
  • Chornic infection rate
  • associations
A

Sex contact, perinatally, blood

5% chronic as adult, 90% perinatally

polyarteritis nodosa, nephophaty, aplastic anima via IC circulating

increased risk for HCC

36
Q

HBsAG

HBsAB

A

surface Ag
active disease

surface Ab-recovery from active infection or immunization

37
Q

HBcAB

A

Core Ab-history of infection-IgM early, and IgG late

38
Q

HBeAg

A

Hep B envelope Ag

- active viral replication and high transmissiblity

39
Q

HBeAb

A

hep B envelope Ab

-low transmissibiltiy

40
Q

HepB DNA

A

active viral replication-tex when high

41
Q

when to treat reg women with HepB

A

when HepB DNA is high

- give baby vaccine and HepBIg within 12 hours birth

42
Q

Autoimmune hep Ags

  • type 1
  • type 2
A

1-ANA, and Anti sM Ab
2- Anti liver kidney microsomal Ab and anti liver cytosol Ab

these people also have many other autoimmune diseases

43
Q

probably have to

A

remake these

DIT (2 decks)

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