GI

Question 1

Aluminium hydroxide

Answer 1

Antacid, has alkaline properties and reacts with excess stomach acid. Can reduce SMC contraction which slows peristalsis

Question 2

Ranitidine

Answer 2

H2/histamine antagonist, may mask stomach cancer, or cause liver problems, this type is better for symptomatic relief than PPIs

Question 3

Omeprazole

Answer 3

PPI, oral or IV

Question 4

Lansoprazole

Answer 4

PPI

Question 5

Esomeprazole

Answer 5

PPI

Question 6

Loperamide

Answer 6

Brand name Imodium, An anti-motility drug, for if the patient has diarrhoea, oral formulation, not advised if blood in stool or fever (can increase risk of toxic megacolon), works by blocking U-opoid receptor, this decreases peristalsis so the faeces stays in the system longer - more time for water to be absorbed

Question 7

Ispagula Husk, aka psyllium husk

Answer 7

laxative, brand name = fybrogel, bulk forming

Question 8

senna glycoside

Answer 8

laxative, to treat constipation or clear bowel before surgery, taken by mouth or via rectum, abdominal cramps ADRs. The breakdown products of senna glycoside act as irritants on the colonic wall to increase fluid secretions and colonic motility.

Question 9

UC

Answer 9

oral prednisalone first, with sulphanasyzl

Question 10

what tests for H.Pylori?

Answer 10

blood antigen (lab based, expensive), feacal antigen, ammonia breath test

Question 11

When to do an endoscopy?

Answer 11

weight loss, persistent vomiting, chronic blood loss, dysphagia, abdominal masses, or patient presents for the first time above the age of 55

Question 12

h.pylori treatment?

Answer 12

clarithromyocin, amoxicillin and lansoprazole

Question 13

risks for PUD?

Answer 13

alcohol, physiological stress, NSAIDs, smoking,

Question 14

conditions that would lead to PUD

Answer 14

Zollinger-ellison (a pancreatic tumour that releases gastrin leading to loads of ulcers due to excess acid secretion), pyloric stenosis