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Pathology Unit 6 Condensed > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q
  • difficulty swallowing
  • absence of peristalsis in esophagus
  • failure of LES to relax upon swallowing
  • increased intraesophageal pressure
  • depletion or absence of ganglion cells
  • can be a manifestation of chagas
A

Achalasia

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2
Q
  • annular narrowing in upper 1/3rd of esophagus
  • dysphagia
  • project into the lumen of the esophagus
  • iron deficiency anemia
A

Esophageal web

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3
Q
  • dysphagia
  • tightness in the skin of face
  • stone facies, edema of fingers and hands
  • anti-Scl-70 antibodies
A

Scleroderma

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4
Q
  • hx of indigestion and upper abdominal pain
  • replacement of squamous epithelium by columnar epithelium
  • risk of malignant transformation to adenocarcinoma
A

Barretts Esophagus

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5
Q
  • bad breath
  • regurgitation of undigested food
  • change in sound of voice
  • posterior midline pouch just above cricopharyngeal muscle
A

Zenker Diverticulum

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6
Q

Name the location of each:

  • Epiphrenic Diverticulum
  • Intramural Pseudodiverticulum
  • Traction Diverticulum
A
  • immediately above the diaphragm
  • numerous small diverticuli in esophagus
  • midportion of esophagus
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7
Q
  • longstanding heartburn and dyspepsia
  • retrocardiac gas-filled structure
A

Hiatal Hernia

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8
Q

Ingestion of acids causes______________ in esophagus.

Ingestion of bases causes___________in esophagus.

A

coagulative necrosis

liquefactive necrosis with inflammation and saponification of membrane lipids.

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9
Q
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • narrowing of lower 1/3rd of esophagus
  • atypical cuboidal cells lining irregular gland-like structures
A

Adenocarcinoma

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10
Q
  • large mass in upper 1/3rd of esophagus
  • dysphagia
  • risk factors: cigarette smoking, alcoholism, diets lacking fresh fruits, aniline dyes, chronic esophagitis, congenital disorders of the esophagus
A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

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11
Q
  • indigestion
  • thickening of basal layer of squamous epithelium
  • upward extension of papilla of lamina propria
  • increased number of neutrophils and lymphocytes
A

reflux esophagitis

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12
Q
  • AIDS patient
  • elevated white plaques on a hyperemic and edematous esopahgeal mucosa
A

Candida

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13
Q
  • hematemesis
  • hx of alcoholic cirrhosis
A

Portal HTN causing esophageal varices

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14
Q
  • infant
  • vomits after nursing
  • “olive like” palpable mass and visible peristaltic mvmts in abd
A

Congenital pyloric stenosis

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15
Q
  • hx of rheumatoid arthritis
  • weakness and fatigue
  • stools black after beginning new NSAID (can also be caused by alcohol or ischemia)
  • numerous superficial bleeding defects on gastroscopy
A

Acute Erosive Gastritis

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16
Q
  • 5 month hx of weakness and fatigue
  • no hx of drugs or alcohol
  • megaloblastic anemia (antibody to intrinsic factor)

B12 deficiency

A

Autoimmune gastritis

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17
Q
  • burning epigastric pain
  • relieved with antacids or food
  • recent tarry stools
  • no NSAID use
  • microcytic hypochromic anemia
  • lesion in antrum composed of amorphous, cellular debris, and numerous neutrophils
A

Ulcer from H Pylori Infection

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18
Q
  • burning epigastric pain without relief from medications
  • melena
  • low hemoglobin
  • multiple gastric and duodenal ulcers
A

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome from gastrin producing tumor in the pancreas

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19
Q
  • progressive weight loss, nausea, and upper abdominal pain
  • does not respond to antacids, or H2 receptor antagonists
  • crater like, ulcerated lesion in antrum with raised irregular and indurated margins
A

Adenocarcinoma

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20
Q
  • “leather bottle” appearance of stomach
  • microcytic hypochromic anemia
  • diffusely infiltrating malignant cells with “signet ring” cells in stomach wall
A

linitis plastica from diffuse adenocarcinoma

21
Q
  • abdominal pain after meals, relieved by antacids
  • weight loss
  • peripheral edema and ascites
  • normal transaminases and gastrin
  • enlarged rugal folds
A

Menetrier disease- due to CMV infection or overexpression of TGF-alpha

(loss of plasma proteins)

22
Q
  • upper GI pain
  • tarry stools
  • firm, smooth, yellowish ulcerated mass in stomach
  • spindle cells with vacuolated cytoplasm
  • derived from pacemaker cells of cajal
A

GIST

23
Q
  • enlarged supraclavicular nodes
  • thickening of gastric mucossa
A

Gastric Lymphoma

24
Q
  • hx of eating disorder
  • vomitting, nausea, abdominal pain
  • abdominal distension
A

Trichobezoar

25
Q

Most common complication of ulcers?

A

Bleeding

26
Q
  • sudden attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath and episodic hot flashes
  • abdominal cramping and diarrhea
  • facial redness, pitting edema, tricuspid regurgitation
  • elevated urine 5-HIAA
  • multiple nodules on ileum
A

Carcinoid Tumor

27
Q
  • red blood in stool of child
  • mucocutaneous pigmentation
  • multiple small polyps dx as hamartomas on small bowel
  • autosomal dominant
A

Peutz-Jeghers Poylp

28
Q
  • polyp dissected on colonoscopy
  • goblet cells, absorptive cells, with exaggerated crypt
  • no nuclear atypia
A

Hyperplastic Polyp

29
Q
  • mass dissected on colonoscopy
  • irregular crypts lined by pseudostratified epithelium with hyperchromatic nuclei
  • no dysplasia
A

Tubular Adenoma

30
Q
  • rectal bleeding
  • hypochromic, microcytic anemia
  • large polypoid mass in rectosigmoid region
  • most frequently undergoes malignant transformation
A

Villous adenoma

31
Q
  • numerous adenomas of colon
  • mutation in APC
A

familial adenomatous polyposis coli

32
Q
  • 3 month hx of diarrhea and abd pain
  • weight loss
  • mild iron deficiency anemia
  • positive occult blood
  • ulcerated mass with malignant glands
  • most commonly mutated gene is p53
A

Adenocarcinoma of the colon

33
Q
  • increasing abdominal girth
  • ascites with malignant cells
  • multiple tumor nodules on serosal surface of intestines
A

Metastatic Carcinoma

34
Q
  • AIDS patient
  • constipation and lower abdominal pain
  • blood in stool
  • CD4<50
  • mass in rectosigmoid region

This pt is at increased risk for_________and __________.

A

B-Cell Lymphoma and Kaposis Sarcoma

35
Q
  • bloody diarrhea and crampy abd pain
  • swollen and erythematous joints
  • anemia
  • increased risk for primary sclerosing cholangitis (inflammation and obliterative fibrosis of bile ducts)
  • Increased risk for toxic megacolon, perforation, inflammatory pseudopolyps, hemorrhage, and adenocarcinoma
A

ulcerative colitis

36
Q
  • sx of acute intestinal obstruction
  • mass in right lower quadrant
  • mucosa has cobblestone appearance
  • numerous small strictures and fistulas extending into lumen of bowel
A

Crohns Disease

37
Q
  • acute abd cramping and diarrhea
  • fever
  • diarrhea caused by stimulation of fluid transport into the intestinal lumen
A

toxigenic E Coli

38
Q

Most likely cause of diarrhea in infant?

A

Rotavirus

39
Q

Enzyme missing in lactose intolerant patients?

A

disaccharidase

40
Q
  • child with chronic constipation
  • adominal distension
  • distended bowel loops with paucity of air in the rectum
  • absence of ganglion cells in rectal biopsy
A

Hirschprung Disease (congenital megacolon)

41
Q

What is most commonly associate with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in children?

A

nephrotic syndrome

42
Q
  • left lower quadrant pain
  • changes in bowel habits
  • intermittent fever
  • neutrophilia
  • normal abd-pelvic ultrasound
A

Diverticulitis

43
Q
  • enlarged ileocecal lymph nodes
  • granulomatous inflammationwith central necrosis in the nodes
  • pseudoappendicitis
A

Yersinia Enterocolitica

44
Q
  • fever and painful joints
  • skin pigmentation, glossitis, angular chelitis, generalized lymphadenopathy
  • stools pale and foul smelling (malabsorption due to impaired mucosal function)
  • improves with antibx
  • distortion of intestinal villi
  • large foamy macrophages filled with glycogen rich granules on PAS stain
A

Whipple Disease

45
Q
  • child with pale, foul smelling stool
  • sx respond to gluten free diet
A

celiac sprue

46
Q
  • acute diarrhea and severe abd pain
  • recent hx of broad spectrum antibx
  • intestinal necrosis, superficial ulcers convered by thick mucopururlent exudate
A

Pseudomembranous colitis

47
Q
  • Classification of anorectal malformations is based on the relationship of the ___________ to the ____________
  • anorectal malformation is also associated with_________
A
  • terminal bowel to the levator ani muscle
  • GI Fistula
48
Q
  • abd pain and bright red stool
  • fecal impaction in rectosigmoid region
  • elderly person
  • result of pressure necrosis of mucosa caused by fecal mass
A

Stercoral Ulcer

49
Q
  • elderly woman with ovarian cancer
  • diarrhea 3 months after completeing radiation therapy
  • cachexia, hyperactive bowel sounds, generealized pallor
  • low hemoglobin and hematocrit
  • most likely cause of GI Bleeding?
A

Radiation enterocolitis

Pathology Unit 6 Condensed (4 decks)

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