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N542 Physiology > GI 2 > Flashcards

GI 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Surface mucous cells

A
  • protection
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2
Q

Mucous neck cells

A
  • protection

- replace cells in lumen after desquamation

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3
Q

Parietal cells

A
  • HCl and intrinsic factor
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4
Q

Chief cells

A
  • Pepsinogen and gastric lipase
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5
Q

Endocrine cells

A
  • Somatostatin and gastrin
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6
Q

Mucus

A
  • lubricates/protects gastric mucosa from decrease pH
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7
Q

HCl

A
  • digests food
  • kills bacteria
  • converts pepsinogens to pepsins
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8
Q

Intrinsic factor

A
  • only indispensable gastric secretion required for VitB12 absorption
  • binds to B12 primarily in duodenum
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9
Q

Pepsinogens

A
  • cleaved to pepsins by the acidic environment
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10
Q

Gastrin

A
  • stimulates gastric motility and HCl secretion

- decreases gastric emptying

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11
Q

Somatostatin

A
  • inhibits HCl secretion
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12
Q

Histamine

A
  • stimulates HCl secretion
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13
Q

R protein

A
  • protects vitamin B12 from degradation
  • high affinity for B12 in acidic environment
  • cleaved by trypsin in duodenum and intrinsic factor takes over
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14
Q

Gherlin

A
  • hormone when fasting
  • acts on hypothalamus to stimulate hunger
  • opposes the satiety effects of leptin and peptide YY
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15
Q

Enterochromaffin (ECL) cells

A
  • release histamine

- stimulates HCl secretion

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16
Q

D cells (endocrine)

A
  • releases somatostatin

- inhibits gastrin and HCl release

17
Q

G (endocrine) cells

A
  • releases gastrin

- stimulate parietal cells to release HCl

18
Q

Stimulate secretion of Gastric HCl

A
  • PNS
  • Ach
  • gastrin
  • histamine
    (*chief cell - pepsinogen production stimulated by vagus, gastrin)
19
Q

Inhibit secretion of Gastric HCl

A
  • Secretin (G cells)
  • Somatostatin (Parietal, G cells)
  • GIP (parietal cells)
  • Peptide YY (indirect)
  • Prostaglandins (ECL, G cells)
20
Q

3 Phases of Gastric Secretion

A
  1. Cephalic “anticipation”
  2. Gastric
  3. Intestinal
21
Q

Cephalic phase

A
  • anticipation
  • chemo and mechanoreceptors on tongue and buccal canal, nasal mucosa
  • vagal effects –> gastrin, acid, enzymes
22
Q

Gastric phase

A
  • food in stomach
  • vagal effects –> gastrin, acid, enzymes, pH changes
  • intestinal –> highly acidic chyme enters duodenum
  • composition of chyme important –> feedback to HCl secretion and decrease gastric emptying
23
Q

Intestinal phase

A
  • intestinal mucosal secretions (mucus, hormomes, enzymes) and secretions from pancreas, liver, and indirectly - gallbladder (travels down hepatic duct through sphincter of Oddi) to enter duodenum
24
Q

Crypt cells

A
  • Have CFTR which secretes Cl- into lumen of gut
  • Na+ and H20 follow
  • stimulated by secretin
25
Q

Paneth cells

A
  • small intestinal mucosa

- host defense, secreting Zn and lysozymes that attack bacteria

26
Q

Goblet cells

A
  • small intestinal mucosa

- secrete mucus

27
Q

Endocrine cells of small intestine

A
  • secrete gastrin, CCK, secretin, GIP, motilin, serotonin
28
Q

Brunner’s Glands

A
  • small intestinal mucosa (duodenum before Sphincter of Oddi)
  • secrete thick mucus and proteases
  • stimulated by secretin
  • vagus –> inhibited by SNS
29
Q

What is the source of enterokinase?

A
  • cells in duodenum
30
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?

A
  • secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin which affects gastric secretion and motility in addition to their other systemic effects
31
Q

What are the exocrine functions of the pancreas?

A
  • enzyme secretions

- electrolyte secretions

32
Q

Pancreatic acinar cells

A
  • located outside

- produce enzymes

33
Q

Pancreatic centroacinar cells

A
  • located innermost cells

- secrete and electrolyte solution rich in HCO3-

N542 Physiology (9 decks)

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