GI Flashcards
(98 cards)
0
Q
What is the second part of the small intestine ?
A
Jejunum
1
Q
What is the first part of the small intestine ?
A
Duodenum
2
Q
What is the the last part of the small intestine ?
A
Ileum
3
Q
What is the first part of the large intestine ?
A
Cecum
4
Q
What does the appendix hang of off !
A
Attach to the large intestine on the lowered right
5
Q
What is the part of the intestine that goes up ?
A
The ascending colon
6
Q
What is the part of the intestine that goes across ?
A
Transverse colon
7
Q
What part of the large intestine goes down ?
A
The descending colon
8
Q
What part of the large intestine have and S shape ?
A
The sigmoid colon
9
Q
Where is the stool stored ?
A
The rectum
10
Q
Where is stool excreted ?
A
The anus
11
Q
Where does chemical and mechanical digestion start ?
A
In the mouth
12
Q
What is the purpose of mechanical digestion ?
A
It breaks food into smaller particles physically ….(tongue , teeth )
13
Q
What is chemical digestion ?
A
Breaks up into molecules so the body can use it
14
Q
What is the last step of digestion ?
A
Chemical digestion
15
Q
What are the chemical digestion in saliva ?
A
Amylase it breaks Down starches
Slow acting carbs
Fast acting carbs
16
Q
Where is amylase found ?
A
In saliva
17
Q
What are the 3 salivary gland that produce saliva ?
A
Parotid
Subligunal
Submandibular
18
Q
Where is the submandibular gland located ?
A
Under the jaw
19
Q
Where is the sublingual gland located ?
A
Under the tongue
20
Q
Where is the parotid gland located ?
A
In front of the ear
21
Q
What does saliva contain ?
A
Water
Mucus
Lysome
Amylase
22
Q
What is the food called that is forming in the mouth ?
A
Bolus
23
Q
Where does the Bolus go ?
A
Down the esophagus
24
What inhibits us from going inhaling the Bolus of food when it goes down the esophagus ?
Epiglottis
25
What does the epiglottis do ?
It's a flap that covers the esophagus , when breathing , swallong , talking it covers the trachea
26
What muscle movement takes place from the esophagus going down to the stomach thorough the GI SYSTEM ?
Peristalsis
27
What is the first opening of the stomach called , after going down the esophagus ?
LES / lower esophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter
28
What is the purpose of the LES ?
To keep food in the stomach and avoid reflex - so the food does not come back up to the esophagus
29
What is the ending of the stomach called ?
Pyloric sphincter
30
What happens in the stomach that's excreted ?
HCL
31
What does HCL do in the stomach ?
It attach the Bolus of food chemically
32
What are the enzymes in the stomach ?
HCL
| PEPCIN
33
What does Pepcin break down ?
Protien
34
What protects the stomach from being eating by HCL ?
Musin
35
What do the stomach produce that important , is the lining of the stomach ? What factor ?
The intrinsic factor
36
What does the intrinsic factor do ?
Absorption of vitamin b12 in the small intestine
37
What is the liquid (semi fluid ) called that leaves the stomach ?
Chyme
38
What is chyme ?
Semi fluid (liquid ) brew
39
Where does chyme go when it leaves the stomach ?
The duodenum
40
How many lobes of liver are their ?
2 lobes
41
What on the lower back of the liver ?
The gallbladder
42
What does the liver produce ?
Bile
43
Where is bile stored ?
In the gallbladder
44
What is in the bile ?
Excess bilirubin
Cholesterol
Bile salt
45
What is the purpose of bile ? What does it do ?
It emulsify fat ( into smaller globulars)
46
Where does the bile get bilirubin from ?
Old RBC
47
What color is bilirubin ?
Yellowish , greenish
48
Bilirubin is a agent that's know for what ?
Coloring stool
49
If you don't have bilirubin in the stool , what color is it ?
Clay like color
50
What does the liver store ?
Glucose as glycogen
51
What does the liver form ?
Lipoprotein (fats )
| Eg: cholesterol , triglyceride
52
What is the key function of the liver , what does it produce ?
- The clotting factor
| - form prothrombin to thrombin to fibrogen to fribrin
53
What are the fat soluble vitamins tht the liver store ?
A, D, E, K
| IRON , copper & bilirubin
54
Where does the iron and copper comes from that's stored in the liver ?
Old RBC
55
What is the liver doing when it detoxifying ?
It changes the bad/ it filters our
| Breaks down / alcohol , medication , bacteria , microorganism
56
How is the bile transported out of the liver ?
By the hepatic duct to the cystic duct
57
Where does the cystic duct lead too ? (Like a driveway )
The gallbladder (storage house )
58
What does the gallbladder do with the bile ?
Stores and concentrate it (pull water out and make it less liquid )
59
When does the gallbladder realize the bile ?
When fatty food is deposited
60
How is the bile realeases from the gallbladder ?
```
cystic duct
common bile duct
pancreatic duct
Ampule of vator
Sphincter of oddi (waiting area )
```
61
What 3 enzymes does the pancreas secrete ?
bicarbonate
Pepcin
Amylase
Lypase
62
What does Pepcin do ?
Dissolves Protien and break down to amino acid
63
What does amylase do ?
Dissolve starches and carbs/sugar break into glucose /sugar/monosaccharides
64
What does lipase do ?
Dissolves fat and break Down into fatty acid and glycerol
65
What is the role of the bicarbonate the pancreas release ?
Helps to neutralize
66
Where does 90% of digestion take place?
Small instestine
67
What digest first , second , last in the small intestine ?
Carbs
Starch
Fat
68
What absorbs amino acid , glucose , fatty acid and glycerol in the small intestine ?
The villi
69
What is inside of the villi ?
Lacteals and capillary bed
70
What do the capillary absorbs from the in the small intestine
Glucose and amino acid
71
What absorbs the fatty acid and glycerol ?
Lacteal
72
When everything goes through the small intestine to the end how does it get to the large intestine ?
Throught the ileocecal valve ( between the ileum and cecum )
73
How does the chyme move the in colon by peristalsis ?
Up the ascending , transverse , decending , sigmoid colon to the rectum
74
What vitamins are synthesized in the large intestine from bacteria ?
```
Vitamin k (clotting )
Some vitamin B complex
```
75
What is obsorbed after the movement for the large intestine ?
Water and electeolyte
76
What happens when the stool gets to the splenic fixture ?
Semi soft stool is formed
77
What happens when it get to the rectum ?
It forms stool ready to evacuate
78
Where do you evacuate stool ?
Anus
79
What is the external sphincter of the anus ? Voluntary or involuntary
Voluntary
80
What is the internal sphincter of the anus ? Voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
81
What is the defecation reflex ?
Spinal cord reflex
| When stool gets in the rectum it stretched
82
What happens when the recrum is stretched ?
It sends impulses to the spinal cord
83
What does the spinal cord so with the message ?
Send it to the brain
84
When the defexation reflex occur what does it cause ?
Relaxation of the involuntary sphincter ( time to go )?
85
What is the chief enzyme in the stomach ?
Pepcin
86
What is it called when the inside of the small intestine stretches ?
Lumin
87
What is the canal that food passes through ?
The alimentary canal or GI tract
88
What is defecation reflex ?
Involuntary response for elimination of feces
89
What extends from the mouth to the anus ?
Alimentary tube
90
The only voluntary aspect of swallowing is ?
Elevation of the tongue
91
The liver synthesis all of the following ?
Fibrogenin
Albumin
Lipoprotein
92
Bile and pancreatic juices are carried to the deodenum by the ?
Common bile duct
93
The capillary network and lacteals in the villi of the small intestine are important for ?
Absorption of neutrient
94
Bar carbonate pancreatic juice is important to neutralize HCL that enter the ?
Deodenum
95
The function of the large intestine include all of these ?
Elimination of I undigested material absorption of water
| Absorption of mineral and vitamin
96
The stimulus for the defecation reflex is ?
Stretching of the rectum
97
The liver store all of these ?
Iron , glycogen , vitamin and a&d
