GI Flashcards
What is the second part of the small intestine ?
Jejunum
What is the first part of the small intestine ?
Duodenum
What is the the last part of the small intestine ?
Ileum
What is the first part of the large intestine ?
Cecum
What does the appendix hang of off !
Attach to the large intestine on the lowered right
What is the part of the intestine that goes up ?
The ascending colon
What is the part of the intestine that goes across ?
Transverse colon
What part of the large intestine goes down ?
The descending colon
What part of the large intestine have and S shape ?
The sigmoid colon
Where is the stool stored ?
The rectum
Where is stool excreted ?
The anus
Where does chemical and mechanical digestion start ?
In the mouth
What is the purpose of mechanical digestion ?
It breaks food into smaller particles physically ….(tongue , teeth )
What is chemical digestion ?
Breaks up into molecules so the body can use it
What is the last step of digestion ?
Chemical digestion
What are the chemical digestion in saliva ?
Amylase it breaks Down starches
Slow acting carbs
Fast acting carbs
Where is amylase found ?
In saliva
What are the 3 salivary gland that produce saliva ?
Parotid
Subligunal
Submandibular
Where is the submandibular gland located ?
Under the jaw
Where is the sublingual gland located ?
Under the tongue
Where is the parotid gland located ?
In front of the ear
What does saliva contain ?
Water
Mucus
Lysome
Amylase
What is the food called that is forming in the mouth ?
Bolus
Where does the Bolus go ?
Down the esophagus
What inhibits us from going inhaling the Bolus of food when it goes down the esophagus ?
Epiglottis
What does the epiglottis do ?
It’s a flap that covers the esophagus , when breathing , swallong , talking it covers the trachea
What muscle movement takes place from the esophagus going down to the stomach thorough the GI SYSTEM ?
Peristalsis
What is the first opening of the stomach called , after going down the esophagus ?
LES / lower esophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter
What is the purpose of the LES ?
To keep food in the stomach and avoid reflex - so the food does not come back up to the esophagus
What is the ending of the stomach called ?
Pyloric sphincter
What happens in the stomach that’s excreted ?
HCL
What does HCL do in the stomach ?
It attach the Bolus of food chemically
What are the enzymes in the stomach ?
HCL
PEPCIN
What does Pepcin break down ?
Protien
What protects the stomach from being eating by HCL ?
Musin
What do the stomach produce that important , is the lining of the stomach ? What factor ?
The intrinsic factor
What does the intrinsic factor do ?
Absorption of vitamin b12 in the small intestine
What is the liquid (semi fluid ) called that leaves the stomach ?
Chyme
What is chyme ?
Semi fluid (liquid ) brew
Where does chyme go when it leaves the stomach ?
The duodenum
How many lobes of liver are their ?
2 lobes
What on the lower back of the liver ?
The gallbladder
What does the liver produce ?
Bile
Where is bile stored ?
In the gallbladder
What is in the bile ?
Excess bilirubin
Cholesterol
Bile salt
What is the purpose of bile ? What does it do ?
It emulsify fat ( into smaller globulars)
Where does the bile get bilirubin from ?
Old RBC
What color is bilirubin ?
Yellowish , greenish
Bilirubin is a agent that’s know for what ?
Coloring stool
If you don’t have bilirubin in the stool , what color is it ?
Clay like color
What does the liver store ?
Glucose as glycogen
What does the liver form ?
Lipoprotein (fats )
Eg: cholesterol , triglyceride
What is the key function of the liver , what does it produce ?
- The clotting factor
- form prothrombin to thrombin to fibrogen to fribrin
What are the fat soluble vitamins tht the liver store ?
A, D, E, K
IRON , copper & bilirubin
Where does the iron and copper comes from that’s stored in the liver ?
Old RBC
What is the liver doing when it detoxifying ?
It changes the bad/ it filters our
Breaks down / alcohol , medication , bacteria , microorganism
How is the bile transported out of the liver ?
By the hepatic duct to the cystic duct
Where does the cystic duct lead too ? (Like a driveway )
The gallbladder (storage house )
What does the gallbladder do with the bile ?
Stores and concentrate it (pull water out and make it less liquid )
When does the gallbladder realize the bile ?
When fatty food is deposited
How is the bile realeases from the gallbladder ?
cystic duct common bile duct pancreatic duct Ampule of vator Sphincter of oddi (waiting area )
What 3 enzymes does the pancreas secrete ?
bicarbonate
Pepcin
Amylase
Lypase
What does Pepcin do ?
Dissolves Protien and break down to amino acid
What does amylase do ?
Dissolve starches and carbs/sugar break into glucose /sugar/monosaccharides
What does lipase do ?
Dissolves fat and break Down into fatty acid and glycerol
What is the role of the bicarbonate the pancreas release ?
Helps to neutralize
Where does 90% of digestion take place?
Small instestine
What digest first , second , last in the small intestine ?
Carbs
Starch
Fat
What absorbs amino acid , glucose , fatty acid and glycerol in the small intestine ?
The villi
What is inside of the villi ?
Lacteals and capillary bed
What do the capillary absorbs from the in the small intestine
Glucose and amino acid
What absorbs the fatty acid and glycerol ?
Lacteal
When everything goes through the small intestine to the end how does it get to the large intestine ?
Throught the ileocecal valve ( between the ileum and cecum )
How does the chyme move the in colon by peristalsis ?
Up the ascending , transverse , decending , sigmoid colon to the rectum
What vitamins are synthesized in the large intestine from bacteria ?
Vitamin k (clotting ) Some vitamin B complex
What is obsorbed after the movement for the large intestine ?
Water and electeolyte
What happens when the stool gets to the splenic fixture ?
Semi soft stool is formed
What happens when it get to the rectum ?
It forms stool ready to evacuate
Where do you evacuate stool ?
Anus
What is the external sphincter of the anus ? Voluntary or involuntary
Voluntary
What is the internal sphincter of the anus ? Voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
What is the defecation reflex ?
Spinal cord reflex
When stool gets in the rectum it stretched
What happens when the recrum is stretched ?
It sends impulses to the spinal cord
What does the spinal cord so with the message ?
Send it to the brain
When the defexation reflex occur what does it cause ?
Relaxation of the involuntary sphincter ( time to go )?
What is the chief enzyme in the stomach ?
Pepcin
What is it called when the inside of the small intestine stretches ?
Lumin
What is the canal that food passes through ?
The alimentary canal or GI tract
What is defecation reflex ?
Involuntary response for elimination of feces
What extends from the mouth to the anus ?
Alimentary tube
The only voluntary aspect of swallowing is ?
Elevation of the tongue
The liver synthesis all of the following ?
Fibrogenin
Albumin
Lipoprotein
Bile and pancreatic juices are carried to the deodenum by the ?
Common bile duct
The capillary network and lacteals in the villi of the small intestine are important for ?
Absorption of neutrient
Bar carbonate pancreatic juice is important to neutralize HCL that enter the ?
Deodenum
The function of the large intestine include all of these ?
Elimination of I undigested material absorption of water
Absorption of mineral and vitamin
The stimulus for the defecation reflex is ?
Stretching of the rectum
The liver store all of these ?
Iron , glycogen , vitamin and a&d
