GI

Question 0

Chemical digestion

Answer 0

Changing food chemically so body can absorb by (enzymes, HCI, saliva)

Question 1

Mechanical digestion

Answer 1

(Physical) break down of food to small particles (chewing,mashing..)

Question 2

(key nutrients) Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Amylase (break down of starches and sugars) - glucose - absorbed by intestinal villi (starts in mouth)

Question 3

(key nutrients) proteins

Answer 3

Pepsin (break down of protein) -amino acids -absorbed by intestinal villi (starts in stomach)

Question 4

(key nutrients) fats

Answer 4

Bile (Liquifies fat) & lipase (dissolves fat)- fatty acids & glycerol - absorbed by lacteals

Question 5

(Saliva glands) parotid

Answer 5

Front of ears (sour taste)

Question 6

(Saliva glands) submandibular

Answer 6

Corners of jaw

Question 7

(Saliva glands) sublingual

Answer 7

Under tongue

Question 8

What is saliva made up of

Answer 8

Water (plasma), lysozyme (cleans mouth) and amylase (chemical breakdown of starches and sugars)

Question 9

Cardiac sphincter / LES

Answer 9

Entrance of the stomach (closes to prevent GERG reflex)

Question 10

Mechanical Digestion in stomach

Answer 10

Muscles in your stomach work together

Question 11

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 11

Exit of stomach

Question 12

Bolus

Answer 12

Ball of food (when it enters stomach)

Question 13

Chyme

Answer 13

Semi liquid food (when it exits stomach)

Question 14

(Gastric juices) HCL

Answer 14

Softens meat and kills bacteria

Question 15

(Gastric juices) pepsin

Answer 15

Breaks down protein into amino acid

Question 16

(Gastric juices) mucin

Answer 16

Coating of stomach lining to protect from HCL and pepsin

Question 17

(Gastric juices) intrinsic factor

Answer 17

For stomach to absorb vit B12

-parietal cells (produce intrinsic factor)

Question 18

(Small intestines) duodenum

Answer 18

1st part of small intestine (chemical digestion)

Question 19

(Small intestines) jejunum

Answer 19

2nd part of small intestine (nutrient absorption)

Question 20

(Small intestines) illeum

Answer 20

Last part of small intestine (vit B12 absorbed)

Question 21

90% of digestion and absorption occur In the

Answer 21

Small intestines

Question 22

Small intestinal villi

Answer 22

Increases absorption

Question 23

Small intestinal villi (blood capillaries)

Answer 23

Absorb glucose and amino acids

Question 24

Small intestinal villi ( lymph capillaries)

Answer 24

(Lacteals) absorb fatty acids, glycerol, vit A,D,E and K

Question 25

Duodenum secretes

Answer 25

Secretin and CCK

Question 26

Secretin

Answer 26

(Triggered by fat) stimulates the liver to PRODUCTION BILE

Question 27

CCK

Answer 27

Stimulates gallbladder to RELEASE BILE and pancreatic secretions. Also relaxes sphincter of oddi

Question 28

(Large intestines)

Answer 28

Cecum-ascending colon-hepatic flexure-transverse colon-splenic flexure-descending colon-sigmoid colon-rectum-anus

Question 29

What does the large intestines do

Answer 29

Absorbs water, vitamin and electrolytes | -produces vit K

Question 30

Defecation reflex

Answer 30

Stretches rectum- Signals spinal cord- sends back signal to internal anal sphincter relaxes

Question 31

Bile

Answer 31

Liver-hepatic ducts-cyctic duct- gallbladder-cyctic duct- common bile duct-sphincter of oddi

Question 32

Pancreatic enzymes

Answer 32

(Amylase, pepsin, lipase and bicarbonate (neutralizes HCL) | -pancreatic duct-common bile duct- sphincter of oddi

Question 33

Livers clotting factors

Answer 33

Prothrombin- thrombin- fiberginergin-fibrin

Question 34

Peristalsis

Answer 34

Wave like movements in smooth muscle

Question 35

Histamine

Answer 35

Stimulates production of HCL

Question 36

Gastrin

Answer 36

Stimulates production of gastric juices from Gcells

Question 37

What does the liver do with excess cholesterol and bilirubin

Answer 37

Turns it into bile

Question 38

The liver filters

Answer 38

Old RBCs and forms bilirubin. Also filters bacteria (detoxes harmful substances and medications) - then converts ammonia to urea

Question 39

What does the liver activate

Answer 39

Vitamin D

Question 40

Albumin

Answer 40

Maintains blood volume

Question 41

Globulins

Answer 41

Carry fats

Question 42

Lipoprotein

Answer 42

Transport fats

Question 43

Liver stores

Answer 43

Iron, copper, Fats and vitamins

Question 44

Carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 44

Excess glucose is stored as Glycogen (glycogenesis) then converted back to glucose

Question 45

The liver manufactures

Answer 45

Cholesterol