GI

Question 0

Neurocrine that mediates vagally-stimulated gastrin release

Answer 0

Bombesin

GRP

Question 1

Neurocrine that relaxes smooth muscle and increases secretions whole inhibiting gastrin stimulated gastric acid

Answer 1

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

Question 2

Neurocrine that increases saliva, contracts sphincters and relaxes smooth muscles in wall

Answer 2

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 3

Neurocrine that increase GI secretions, relaxes features and contracts smooth muscle

Answer 3

Acetylcholine

Question 4

Enkephalins (opiates)

Answer 4

Contraction of smooth muscle

Decrease of intestinal secretions

Question 5

Neuropeptide Y

Answer 5

Relax smooth muscle

Decrease secretions

Question 6

Substance P

Answer 6

Contract smooth muscle

Increase salivary secretions

Question 7

Secreted by postganglionic parasympathetic peptide thick neurons of mucosa and smooth muscle

Answer 7

VIP

Bombesin

Question 8

Secreted from neurons of mucosa and smooth muscle

Answer 8

Enkephalins

Neuropeptide Y

Question 9

Secreted from adrenergic neurons

Answer 9

Norepinephrine

Substance P

Question 10

Paracrines

Answer 10

Somatostatin

Histamine

Question 11

GI Hormones

Answer 11

Gastrin 
Cholecystokinin 
Secretin 
Gastric inhibitory peptide 
Motilin

Question 12

6 functions of GI system

Answer 12

Ingestion 
Mechanical digestion 
Propulsion 
Chemical digestion 
Absorption 
Defecation

Question 13

Major smooth muscle coat if GI tract

Answer 13

Muscularis externa

Question 14

Connective tissue layer that contains glands and blood vessels

Answer 14

Submucosa

Question 15

Innermost layer of wall of GI tract

Answer 15

Mucosa

Question 16

Smooth muscle that contracts and changes the shape and surface area of epithelial layer

Answer 16

Muscularis mucosae

-part if mucosa (innermost layer of wall)

Question 17

2 tasks accomplished by portal vein

Answer 17

1- supplies liver with metabolic substrates

2- ensures that substances ingested are first processed by the liver

Question 18

Advantages of parallel/series organization

Answer 18

Parallel: allows for regulation of flow to individual organs

Series: liver is exposed to all absorbed substances

Question 19

Afferents to myenteric and sub mucosal plexuses come from

Answer 19

Chemo- and mechanoreceptors

Question 20

The plexuses send afferents to CNS via

Answer 20

ANS

*ENS does not require ANS input to carry out most functions (self contained)

Question 21

Located in muscularis externa between outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle layers

Answer 21

Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus

• innervates the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers

Question 22

Plexus primarily concerned with gut motility

Answer 22

Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus

Question 23

Located in submucosa

Innervates glandular epithelium, intestinal cells, sub mucosal blood vessels

Answer 23

Submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus

Question 24

Primarily concerned with control of intestinal secretion

Answer 24

Submucosal (Meissner's) plexus

Question 25

Effects of SNS stimulation - release of norepinephrine on vascular smooth muscle and secretory cells

Answer 25

Inhibitory-slow down GI tract contraction and secretion

Question 26

Effect of PNS release of acetylcholine in plexuses in GI tract

Answer 26

Excitatory

Question 27

GI hormones are released from

Answer 27

Endocrine cells in the GI tract

Question 28

Gastrin

Answer 28

From gastric Antrum mucosal G cells

Question 29

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 29

Duodenal and jejunal mucosal I cells

Question 30

Secretin

Answer 30

Duodenal mucosal S cells

Question 31

Motilin

Answer 31

Duodenal and jejunal M cells