GI

Question 2

GI Diagnostic Tests

the As

Answer 2

• Abdominal X-Ray
  > can identify tumors, strictures, & obstruction
• Acute Abdominal Series
  > includes CXR, supine & upright abd x-ray
• Abdominal Computerized Tomography (CT)
• Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 3

GI Diagnostic Tests

UGI series
sm bowel
barium enema
PTC
MRCP

Answer 3

• Upper GI Series (Barium Swallow)
  > x-ray from mouth to duodenojejunal junctions w/ use of barium
• Small Bowel follow-through
  > extension of UGI x-ray w/ use of barium
• Barium Enema
  > x-ray of large intestine w/ use of barium
• Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)
  > examines biliary duct syst using iodine dye
• Magentic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

Question 4

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Answer 4

• Visual exam of esophagus, stomach, duodenum w/ use of fiberoptic scope
• Prep: NPO for 6-8hrs & avoid anticoags, Aspirin, & NSAIDs several days prior
• Procedure: moderate sedation & lasts abt 20-30mins
• Post Procedure
  > keep pt NPO until gag reflex returns
  > priority care includes preventing aspiration & assess for any bleeding or pain tht could indicate perforation

Question 5

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Answer 5

• Visual & radiographic exam of liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, & pancreas
• Use radiopaque dye
• used to diagnose obstruction as well as treat obstructions
• Prep: NPO for 6-8hrs & typically avoid anticoags as determined by provider
• Procedure: moderate sedation & lasts 30mins-2hrs
• Post Procedure
  > keep pt NPO until gag relfex returns
  > Priority care includes preventing aspiration & assess for any bleeding or pain tht could indicate perforation
  > assess for gallbladder inflamm & pancreatitis; severe abd pain, N/V, fevere & elevated lipase

Question 6

Small Bowel Endoscopy (enteroscopy)

Answer 6

• Provides a visual view of small intestine
• Used to evaluate & locate source of GI bleeding
• Prep: NPO except water for 8-10hrs then complete NPO for 2hrs b4 swallowing capsule
• Procedure
  > sensors are placed on abd & pt wears a data recorder
  > pt swallows capsule endoscope & can resume normal activity
  > pt may eat 4hrs after swallowing capsule
  > procedure lasts 8hrs
• Post Procedure
  > explain to pt tht capsule endoscope is excreted naturally & will be seen in stool

Question 7

Colonoscopy

Answer 7

• Endoscopic exam of entire large intestine
  > can be used to visually diagnose, biopsy, & treat
• Baseline test should be done at age 50 & every 10yrs
• Prep:
  > clear liqiuds day before
  > NPO 4-6hrs prioir
  > avoid aspitin, anticoags, & platelet drugs for several days before
  > adequate bowel cleansing is essential; follow provider orders for oral & rectal prep; pt should be passing clear liquid prior to procedure
• Procedure: moderate sedation & procedure lasts 30-60mins
• Post Procedure
  > observe for signs of perforation (severe pain) & hemorrhage
  > feelings of fullness & cramping are expected
  > fluids are permitted after pt passes flatus to indicate tht peristalsis has returned