GI

Question 1

What is the function of the GI tract?

Answer 1

Large intestine – water absorption but primarily waste fxn

Question 2

Change in motility, obstruction, accessory diseases, inflammation/infection, stress, NSAIDS, cigarettes, coffee can affect

Answer 2

digestion/absorption

Question 3

Assessment includes:

Answer 3

Hx, meds, pain levels ,location (abdomen - acute or not), duration, diagnostic tests (endoscopy), fluid and electrolytes, CBC, PE – sores, dry mouth, tongue, teeth?, issues w/ swallowing, rectal exam, rectum (stool quality - soft, color?), food diary

Question 4

Peristalsis and nutrition, immobility, medications, dehydration, anorexia, age, infections are all

Answer 4

risk factors

Question 5

Upper GI issues will result in

Answer 5

bright red, tarry black stool, coffee grounds

Question 6

Nausea is the feeling to vomit while vomiting is the

Answer 6

expulsion of gastric contents

Question 7

Condition associated with N/V, amount, odor, content- undigested food, mucus, parasites, foreign bodies, color- green, red, coffee ground, black, brown

Answer 7

Assessment of vomit

Question 8

Placement of a NG tube helps

Answer 8

Decrease nausea, keeps stomach empty, sumps gastric secretions

Question 9

Antiemetic drugs include

Answer 9

Zofran and Reglan

Question 10

Prevention of N/V include

Answer 10

Water, clear liquids, warm cola, increase in amount if no vomiting, dry toast, crackers, bland food, avoid foods that stimulate peristalsis (high fat foods, orange juice, caffeine, high fiber foods, extremely hot or cold foods)

Question 11

Medical constipation is not noted until how many days without a BM?

Answer 11

3 days

Question 12

How would treat/assess a pt with constipation?

Answer 12

Assist physician in treating the underlying cause of constipation, encourage to eat HIGH fiber diet to increase the bulk, increase fluid intake, administer prescribed laxatives, stool softeners, assist in relieving stress

Question 13

Record the color, volume, frequency, and consistency of stools, identify factors that cause or contribute to diarrhea, eliminate gas-producing and spicy foods, Eliminate by trial foods containing lactose, eat a low-fiber, high-protein, high-calorie diet, use ant-idiarrheal medications, monitor skin, record weight regularly, rest the bowel are interventions for

Answer 13

Diarrhea

Question 14

Diagnostic testing for the GI include:

Answer 14

Gastric analysis

Lab tests; serum, urine, X-rays Endoscopy, gastroscopy, EGD, ERCP, Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy( >55)

Question 15

Gastric analysis includes

Answer 15

Aspiration of gastric juice to measure pH, appearance, volume and contents, Pre-test: NPO 8 hours, avoidance of stimulants, drugs and smoking, post-test: resume normal activities

Question 16

Medications available for bowel prep include:

Answer 16

Polyethylene glycol (GOLYTELY - large sugar molecule to induce diarrhea), magnesium citrate, and senna

Question 17

Enteral feedings are

Answer 17

intermittent, continuous in the small intestine, duodenum, and GI tract (kangaroo)

Question 18

Parenteral feedings include

Answer 18

feedings inside the body for IV/medication administration

Question 19

This is a long term feeding tube, however, it call roll up and move placement

Answer 19

Dophoff

Question 20

What is a miller abbott feeding tube?

Answer 20

It is long and goes into the small intestine

Question 21

What is a salem tube?

Answer 21

Short term

Question 22

Name some nursing diagnoses for GI.

Answer 22

Altered elimination, N/V, FVD, pain, discomfort, Nutrition, Malabsorption, Metabolic, Self care deficit- feeding, elimination, Tissue integrity, Skin integrity, Risk of infection, Risk of injury

Question 23

Nursing management of surgery includes:

Answer 23

Wound care, drains: JP, hemovac, penrose (latex tube that is pinned in), T tubes, Blood loss, Acute pain, Fluid loss, shifts (Third space phenomena), Complications – elimination, obstruction, bleed out

Question 24

Nursing interventions for GI include:

Answer 24

Anticipation; pain, nausea
Monitor bowel sounds, elimination, I/O is a way to check fluid balance, nutritional (arrange for feeds
encourage supplements, dietary consults – no MD order required, Tube feedings)

Question 25

For parenteral nutrition, what would you manage?

Answer 25

Site/line care, glucose levels

Question 26

Disorders of the esophagus include

Answer 26

Hiatal hernia, Varices, Diverticulum, GERD, tumors, esophagitis, candida

Question 27

dysphagia, odynophagia, regurgitation, vomiting, foul breath, chronic hiccups, pulmonary complications, chronic cough, and hoarseness are clinical manifestations of

Answer 27

esophageal tumors

Question 28

Peptic Ulcers (Gastric), gastritis, cancer are disorders of

Answer 28

stomach

Question 29

Peptic ulcers occur because of

Answer 29

Vascular occlusion causes localized necrosis and HCL backwash, histamine and inflammation, bacterial infection

Question 30

Signs and symptoms of peptic ulcers include:

Answer 30

epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, pain-, food- relief pattern ( less than duodenal), heartburn, bleeding, perforation

Question 31

elevates the level of the gastric contents

Answer 31

antacids

Question 32

decreases acid production

Answer 32

histamine receptor antagonist

Question 33

proton pump inhibitors (PPI) functions to

Answer 33

provide effective, long-acting inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Question 34

Prokinetic drugs (Cisapride)

Answer 34

increase gastric emptying and improve lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal peristalsis

Question 35

treatment for GERD and peptic ulcers include

Answer 35

decrease risk factors, drug therapy, Histamine 2 blockers, pepcid, Antacids, Prostaglandins, Omperazole, surgery, vagotomy + pyloroplasty, Bilroth I Bilroth II- total gastric resection, manage complications: GI bleeding

Question 36

post op care for GI surgery include

Answer 36

Monitor VS, monitor the nasogastric tube, NPO until peristalsis, monitor for postoperative complications: Dumping syndrome (constellation of vasomotor symptoms after eating) blood flow, changes, reflux gastropathy, bleeding